The Central Appalachian region, USA, contains several high elevation-endemic woodland salamanders (genus Plethodon), which are thought to be particularly vulnerable to climate change due to their restricted distributions and low vagility. In West Virginia, there is a strong management focus on protection and recovery of the federally threatened Cheat Mountain salamander (Plethodon nettingi; CMS). To support this focus, there is a need for improved understanding of CMS occurrence-habitat relationships and spatially explicit projections of fine-scale contemporary and potential future habitat quality to inform management actions. In addition, there is concern among resource managers that climate change may increase habitat quality at high elevations for CMS competitors, particularly the eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus; RBS), potentially resulting in increased competition pressure for CMS. To address these knowledge gaps, we created ecological niche models for CMS and RBS using the Random Forest classification algorithm and used the estimated occurrence-habitat relationships to assess ecological niche overlap between the species and project fine-scale contemporary and potential future habitat availability and quality. We estimated that the ecological niches of CMS and RBS were 80.5% similar, and habitat projections indicated the species would exhibit opposite responses to climate change in our region. For CMS, we estimated that amount of high-quality habitat will be reduced by mid-century and potentially lost by end-of-century, but that moderate and low-quality habitat will persist. For RBS, we estimated that amount of high-quality habitat will increase through end-of-century, and that high elevations will become more suitable for the species, indicating that competition pressure for CMS is likely to increase. This study improves understanding of important habitat characteristics for CMS and RBS, and our spatially explicit projections can assist natural resource managers with habitat protection actions, species monitoring efforts, and climate change adaptation strategies.

High quality passive infrared wildlife cameras were used to acquire information on faunal biodiversity at the site. Two cameras were deployed from July to Dec 2018 and between March and May 2019. <br /><br /> The Gingin Banksia Woodland SuperSite was established in 2011 and is located in a natural woodland of high species diversity with an overstorey dominated by Banksia species. For additional site information, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/gingin-banksia-woodland-supersite/. <br /> Other images collected at the site include digital cover photography, phenocam time-lapse images taken from fixed under and overstorey cameras and ancillary images of flora.

High quality passive infrared wildlife cameras were used to acquire information on faunal biodiversity at the Robson Creek site. Two camera traps were deployed at the site between 17-03-2018 and 25-07-2018. The first camera located in proximity to the acoustic sensor SM2/SM4 which is around 100m from the flux tower and at a height of 1.5 meter above ground, on a star picket. The second camera located for a short while near the tower (10 meter) and was attached on a bungy cord tied to a tree, at a height of 0.3 meter above ground.<br><br> The Robson Creek site lies on the Atherton Tablelands in the wet tropical rain forests of Australia at 680-740 m elevation. It is situated in Danbulla National Park within the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. The Wet Tropics Bioregion of Australia is situated on the north-eastern coast of Queensland, between Cooktown to the north and Townsville to the south. Approximately 40% (7200 km2) of the region is covered by rain forest. Features of the region include very high plant and animal endemism, characteristics of both Gondwanan and Indo-Malaysian forests, and frequent cyclonic disturbance. The site includes core 1 ha plot (100 m x 100 m) which is located within the fetch of the flux tower and is the focal site of recurrent monitoring, and 25 ha vegetation survey plot. The vegetation survey plot has been set up for inclusion in the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute’s Center for Tropical Forest Science – Forest Global Earth Observatory (CTFS-ForestGEO) global network of forest research plots. <br><br> For additional site information, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/robson-creek-rainforest-supersite/ . <br /><br /> Other images collected at the site include time-lapse images taken from 3 phenocams (above canopy). <br /><br /> <iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WW-cpPMhMz4" title="TERN Robson Creek SuperSite Wildlife 2017" style="height:248px;width:462px;"></iframe> <br />Camera trap results for the TERN FNQ Rainforest SuperSite - Robson Creek, Jan - Feb 2017.

The Daintree Rainforest SuperSite comprises two sites (a) the Daintree Rainforest Observatory at Cape Tribulation, comprising a long-term monitoring sites, canopy crane, and extensive researcher and teaching infrastructure and (b) research facilities at the Daintree Discovery Centre at Cow Bay, an award winning ecotourism interpretive centre featuring a canopy tower, aerial walkway and scientific monitoring. This dataset contains high quality passive infrared wildlife cameras were used to acquire information on faunal biodiversity at the Daintree Discovery Centre at Cow Bay. One camera trap was deployed adjacent to the 1 ha core plot between 22/01/2017 and 08/06/2017. The core plot is located within the fetch of the flux tower and is the focal site of recurrent monitoring. The camera (Reconyx HC600 HyperFire) was attached to a tree at 0.5 metre high. <br> The forest is classed as complex mesophyll vine forest (type 1a) and has an average canopy height of 25m. The dominant canopy trees belong to the Arecaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Myristicaceae and Icacinaceae families. It is continuous for several kilometres around the Cow Bay Tower except for an area 600m north-east of the flux tower, which is cleared agricultural land used for a cattle farm. For additional information on the Daintree Rainforest SuperSite, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/daintree-rainforest-supersite/ <br /><br /> Other images collected at the site include digital cover photography, phenocam time-lapse images (3 above canopy, 1 under canopy), panoramic landscape and photopoints. <br /><br /> <iframe frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7VkIFIWfrkQ" title="Camera trap results for the Daintree Discovery Centre between January and April 2017" style="height:248px;width:462px;"></iframe> <br />Camera trap results for the Daintree Discovery Centre between January and April 2017.

This dataset consists of images of fauna, flora, fungi or general scenery or events captured at the site on an ad-hoc basis and may provide the researcher with information regarding the species that occupy, frequent or traverse this site.<br /> The Alice Mulga SuperSite was established in 2010 at Pine Hill Cattle Station with research plots located in low open woodland Mulga (<em>Acacia aneura</em>) and non-Acacia, hummock grassland, and river red gum forest. The core 1 ha plot is located in a dense Mulga woodland (cover 70–80%). For additional site information, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/alice-mulga-supersite/ . <br /> Other images collected at the site include digital cover photography, phenocam time-lapse images taken from fixed under and overstorey cameras, panoramic landscape and photopoint images.

This dataset consists of images of fauna, flora, fungi or general scenery or events captured at the site on an ad-hoc basis and may provide the researcher with information regarding the species that occupy, frequent or traverse this site.<br /> <br /> The Calperum Mallee SuperSite was established in 2011 and is located on Calperum Station with research plots located in mallee woodland (burnt in 2014), Callitris woodland (recovering from extensive grazing) and a river floodplain, consisting of black box, river red gum and lignum. The core 1 ha plot is located in mallee woodland. For additional site information, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/calperum-mallee-supersite/ . <br /> Other images collected at the site include digital cover photography, phenocam time-lapse images taken from fixed overstorey cameras, panoramic landscape and photopoint images. <br /><br /> <iframe src="https://maps.google.com/maps?layer=c&amp;panoid=VNc5-dZcKkoAAAGuqlmVHw&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;source=embed&amp;output=svembed&amp;cbp=13%2C208.3252%2C%2C0%2C0" title="Photosphere view of the mallee at Calperum SuperSite (photo J. Armston 2014)" style="height:248px;width:462px;"></iframe> <br />Photosphere view of the mallee at Calperum SuperSite (photo J. Armston 2014)<br />

This dataset consists of images of fauna, flora, fungi or general scenery or events captured at the site on an ad-hoc basis and may provide the researcher with information regarding the species that occupy, frequent or traverse this site.<br /> <br /> The Cumberland Plain SuperSite was established in 2012 in endangered remnant Eucalyptus woodland and is subject to pressure from invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, urban development, conversion to agriculture and extreme climate events. However, the woodland is in excellent condition with the exception of edge effects. The site is located on the Hawkesbury Campus of the University of Western Sydney in New South Wales. For additional site information, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/cumberland-plain-supersite/ <br /><br /> Other images collected at the site include digital cover photography, phenocam time-lapse images taken from fixed overstorey cameras, and photopoint images.

This dataset consists of images of fauna, flora, fungi or general scenery or events captured at the site on an ad-hoc basis and may provide the researcher with information regarding the species that occupy, frequent or traverse this site.<br /> <br /> The site was established in 2010 in box woodland dominated by <em>Eucalyptus microcarpa</em> (grey box) and <em>Eucalyptus leucoxylon</em> (yellow gum). For additional site information, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/whroo-dry-eucalypt-supersite/. <br /><br /> Other images collected at the site include digital hemispherical photography, phenocam time-lapse images taken from fixed overstorey cameras and photopoints.

This dataset consists of images of fauna, flora, fungi or general scenery or events captured at the site on an ad-hoc basis and may provide the researcher with information regarding the species that occupy, frequent or traverse this site.<br /> <br /> The site is located at the Daintree Discovery Centre at Cow Bay. The forest is classed as Complex Mesophyll Vine Forest and has an average canopy height of 25&nbsp;m. The site has more than 80 species with dominant canopy trees belonging to the <em>Arecaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Myristicaceae and Icacinaceae</em> families. For additional site information, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/daintree-rainforest-supersite/. <br /> <br /> Other images collected at the site include digital hemispherical photography, photopoints and phenocam time-lapse images taken from fixed under and overstorey cameras.

High quality passive infrared wildlife cameras were used to acquire information on faunal biodiversity at the site. Two camera traps were deployed within the one hectare core plot between 11/04/2017 and 06/05/2017. The first camera (Reconyx UltraFire WR6) was attached to a tree at one metre high and the second camera (Reconyx Hyperfire HC600) was attached to a tree at 0.3 metres high. The cameras were first deployed for two weeks, then data were downloaded before redeploying the cameras at two other sites within the one hectare plot for a further one week period.<br /> Individuals from 10 species were observed during the study time frame.<br /><br /> The Samford Peri-Urban SuperSite was established in 2010 in remnant fringe eucalypt forest, near urban development in the Samford Valley. The upper storey is dominated by <em>Corymbia intermedia</em>, <em>Eucalyptus siderophloia</em> and <em>Lophostemon suaveolens</em>. For additional site information, see https://www.tern.org.au/tern-observatory/tern-ecosystem-processes/samford-peri-urban-supersite/ . <br /><br /> Other images collected at the site include digital cover photography, phenocam time-lapse images taken from fixed overstorey cameras, panoramic landscape and photopoints. <br /><br /> <iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1OIGPufjPK8" title="Camera trap trial (Hyperfire) at Samford 2017" style="height:248px;width:462px;"></iframe> <br />Camera trap trial (Hyperfire) at Samford 2017