Mean daily minimum temperature of each month, for the Australian continent between 1970-2016. Daily temperature regulates rates of plant growth and determines critical conditions such as frost on flowering and fruiting. Modelled by expressing each monthly value as a difference anomaly with respect to the gridded 1976-2005 mean daily minimum temperature for each month as provided by ANUClimate_v1-0_temperature-min_monthly-mean_0-01deg_1976-2005. The monthly anomalies were interpolated by trivariate thin plate smoothing spline functions of longitude, latitude and vertically exaggerated elevation using ANUSPLIN Version 4.5. Monthly data values were calculated from Bureau of Meteorology daily data at stations where there were at least 25 days of record, giving an average of 634 data points per month between 1970 and 2016. Automated quality assessment rejected on average 2 data values per month with extreme studentised residuals. The root mean square of all individual cross validation residuals provided by the spline analysis is 0.73 degrees Centigrade. A comprehensive assessment of the analysis and the factors contributing to the quality of the final interpolated grids is in preparation.

Daily total precipitation for Australian continent between 1970-2014. Daily rainfall totals are useful for estimation of soil moisture for plant growth and surface runoff via soil water balance modelling. Modelled by expressing each daily value, including zero rainfall, as a normalised anomaly with respect to the gridded 1976-2005 mean for each month, as provided by ANUClimate_v1-0_rain_monthly-mean_0-01deg_1976-2005. The daily anomalies were interpolated by trivariate thin plate smoothing spline functions of longitude, latitude and vertically exaggerated elevation using ANUSPLIN Version 4.5. Station elevations were 0.05 degree local averages of grid values from the GEODATA 9 second DEM version 3 as provided by ANUClimate_v1-0_dem05_terrain_0-01deg. There was an average of 6384 Bureau of Meteorology data points per day between 1970 and 2014. The mean absolute value of all individual cross validation residuals provided by the spline analysis is 0.95 mm (50% of the overall mean). Extreme studentised residuals clearly identified data errors associated with unrecognised missing values, unrecognised accumulated values, and values recorded on the wrong (usually preceding) day. There were on average around 5 such extreme residuals per day. The rainfall occurrence of the individual cross validated days agrees with the rainfall occurrence of 91% of all days of record, where daily rainfall occurrence is defined as daily rainfall exceeding 0.2 mm. A comprehensive assessment of the analysis and the factors contributing to the quality of the final interpolated monthly rainfall grids is in preparation.

Mean daily maximum temperature of each month, for the Australian continent between 1970-2016. Daily temperature regulates rates of plant growth and determines critical conditions such as frost on flowering and fruiting. Modelled by expressing each monthly value as a difference anomaly with respect to the gridded 1976-2005 mean daily maximum temperature for each month as provided by ANUClimate_v1-0_temperature-max_monthly-mean_0-01deg_1976-2005. The monthly anomalies were interpolated by trivariate thin plate smoothing spline functions of longitude, latitude and vertically exaggerated elevation using ANUSPLIN Version 4.5. Monthly data values were calculated from Bureau of Meteorology daily data at stations where there were at least 25 days of record, giving an average of 634 data points per month between 1970 and 2016. Automated quality assessment rejected on average 2 data values per month with extreme studentised residuals. The root mean square of all individual cross validation residuals provided by the spline analysis is 0.73 degrees Centigrade. A comprehensive assessment of the analysis and the factors contributing to the quality of the final interpolated grids is in preparation.

Annual isothermality for the Australian continent. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0

Monthly mean diurnal range for the Australian continent. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0.

Mean daily incident solar radiation of each month, for the Australian continent between 1970-2016. Monthly solar radiation regulates rates of plant growth. Modelled by expressing observed monthly solar radiation as normalised anomalies with respect to a standard Angstrom equation that expresses monthly solar radiation in terms of astonomically determined parameters and relative sunshine duration, as described in Hutchinson et al. (1984). The monthly anomalies were interpolated by trivariate thin plate smoothing spline functions of longitude, latitude and the proportion of wet days in the month using ANUSPLIN Version 4.5. This anomaly method provided a more direct, and more statistically robust, representation of the impact of precipitation on solar radiation than the method described in Hutchinson et al. (1984). The proportion of wet days, as provided by ANUClimate_v1-0_rainfall-proportion-greater-than-threshold_monthly_0-01deg_1970-2016, acted as simple surrogate for relative sunshine duration. There were on average 645 observed solar radiation totals for each month between 1970 and 1996 at 64 stations across Australia obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology. Automated quality assessment rejected on average 9 data values per month with extreme studentised residuals. The root mean square of all individual cross validation residuals provided by the spline analysis is 1.15 MJ m-2 day-1 (6% of the mean). A comprehensive assessment of the analysis and the factors contributing to the quality of the final interpolated monthly solar radiation grids is in preparation.

Monthly isothermality for the Australian continent. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0

Precipitation of wettest quarter for the Australian continent. Wettest quarter is the set of 3 consecutive months for which the sum of all precipitation over the selected period is higher than any other set of 3 consecutive months. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0

AMSRe collection

ASCAT collection