Annual mean precipitation of wettest quarter for the Australian continent for the baseline climatic average of monthly 1976-2005 data. Wettest quarter is the set of 3 consecutive months for which the sum of all precipitation over the selected period is higher than any other set of 3 consecutive months. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0

Annual mean isothermality for the Australian continent for the baseline climatic average of monthly 1976-2005 data. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0

Mean daily vapour pressure for the Australian continent between 1970-2014. Daily vapour pressure regulates evaporation rates and water need and use. Modelled by expressing each daily value as a difference anomaly with respect to the gridded 1976-2005 monthly mean daily vapour pressures as provided by eMAST_ANUClimate_mmn_vp_v1m0_1976_2005. The daily anomalies were interpolated by trivariate thin plate smoothing spline functions of longitude, latitude and vertically exaggerated elevation using ANUSPLIN Version 4.5. There was an average of 382 Bureau of Meteorology data points available for each day between 1970 and 2014. Automated quality assessment rejected on average 4 data values per day with extreme studentised residuals. Cross validation residuals for all accepted data points had a mean absolute value of 0.51 HPa and a root mean square value of 1.02 HPa. These corresponded to relative errors of around 7% and 11% respectively. A comprehensive assessment of the analysis and the factors contributing to the quality of the final interpolated daily vapour pressure grids is in preparation.

Monthly number of days less than 0 degrees Celsius for the Australian continent. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0.

Annual mean precipitation of driest quarter for the Australian continent for the baseline climatic average of monthly 1976-2005 data. Driest Quarter is the set of 3 consecutive months for which the sum of all precipitation over the selected period is lower than any other set of 3 consecutive months. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0

Monthly photosynthetically active radiation for the Australian continent. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0.

<br>This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.7) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER). <br /> <br /> Located in a 5 km² block of relatively uniform open-forest savanna, the site is representative of high rainfall, frequently burnt tropical savanna. <br /><br /> Tropical savanna in Australia occupies 1.9 million km² across the north and given the extent of this biome, understanding biogeochemical cycles, impacts of fire on sequestration, vegetation and fauna is a national priority. In the NT, savanna ecosystems are largely intact in terms of tree cover, with only modest levels of land use change. Despite this, there is evidence of a loss of biodiversity, most likely due to shifts in fire regimes and a loss of patchiness in the landscape. Approximately 40 % of the savanna burn every year and understanding fire impacts on fauna and flora is essential for effective land management. <br /><br />

Annual mean precipitation of driest month for the Australian continent for the baseline climatic average of monthly 1976-2005 data. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0

Annual mean precipitation of wettest month for the Australian continent for the baseline climatic average of monthly 1976-2005 data. Monthly rainfall totals are useful for estimation of soil moisture for plant growth and surface runoff via soil water balance modelling. Modelled using eMAST-R-Package 2.0

Annual radiation of warmest month for the Australian continent. Modelled by using ANUSPLIN Version 4.5 to fit trivariate thin plate smoothing spline functions of longitude, latitude and vertically exaggerated elevation. Station elevations were 0.05 degree local averages of grid values from the GEODATA 9 second DEM version 3 as provided by eMAST_ANUClimate_fx_el05_v1m0.