We used Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) technologies combined with the real-time collations of soil attribute data from TERN's recently developed Soil Data Federation System, to produce a map of Australian Soil Classification Soil Order classes with quantified estimates of mapping reliability at a 90 m resolution.

<ul><li>1. Restoration of degraded landscapes has become increasingly important for conservation of species and their habitats owing to habitat destruction and rapid environmental change. An increasing focus for restoration activity are old-fields as agricultural land abandonment has expanded in the developed world. Studies examining outcomes of ecological restoration predominantly focus on vegetation structure and plant diversity, and sometimes vertebrate fauna. Fewer studies have systematically investigated effects of restoration efforts on soil chemical and biophysical condition or ground-dwelling invertebrates and there is limited synthesis of these data. </li> <li>2. This dataset comprised data for a global meta-analysis of published studies to assess the effects on soil properties and invertebrates of restoring land that was previously used for agriculture. Studies were included if the site had been either cropped or grazed, restoration was either active (planting) or passive (abandonment, fencing) and if adequate data on soil chemical or physical properties or invertebrate assemblages were reported for restored, control (cropped/grazed) or reference sites.</li> <li>3. The dataset includes 42 studies, published between 1994 and 2019 that met the inclusion criteria, covering 16 countries across all continents. More studies assessed passive restoration approaches than active planting, and native species were more commonly planted than exotic species.</li></ul>

This is Version 1 of the Australian Drained Upper Limit Volumetric Water Content (DUL) product of the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia.<br><br> The map gives a modelled estimate of the spatial distribution of Drained Upper Limit Volumetric Water Content soil hydraulic property in soils across Australia.<br><br> The Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia has produced a range of digital soil attribute products. Each product contains six digital soil attribute maps, and their upper and lower confidence limits, representing the soil attribute at six depths: 0-5&nbsp;cm, 5-15&nbsp;cm, 15-30&nbsp;cm, 30-60&nbsp;cm, 60-100&nbsp;cm and 100-200&nbsp;cm. These depths are consistent with the specifications of the <a href="https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/Resources/GlobalSoilMap_specifications_december_2015_2.pdf">GlobalSoilMap.net project</a>. The digital soil attribute maps are in raster format at a resolution of 3 arc sec (~90 x 90&nbsp;m pixels).<br><br> Detailed information about the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia can be found at - https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/index.html<br><br> <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Attribute Definition: Drained Upper Limit Volumetric Water Content;</li> <li>Units: percent;</li> <li>Period (temporal coverage; approximately): 1950-2021;</li> <li>Spatial resolution: 3 arc seconds (approx 90&nbsp;m);</li> <li>Total number of gridded maps for this attribute: 18;</li> <li>Number of pixels with coverage per layer: 2007M (49200 * 40800);</li> <li>Data license : Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY);</li> <li>Target data standard: GlobalSoilMap specifications;</li> <li>Format: Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF;</li></ul>

This map gives a modelled estimate of the spatial distribution of Pedogenon soil classes across Australia.<br><br> Pedogenon mapping is a method for stratifying the landscape (similar to soil-landscape units), which can be used to assess past soil change with a space-for-time substitution approach.<br><br> Pedogenon classes are a conceptual taxa that aim to define groups of homogeneous environmental variables. These groups are created applying unsupervised classification to a set of state variables, proxies of the soil-forming factors for a given reference time. The assumption is that the soil-forming processes within these classes (i.e., pedogenons) have been relatively similar over pedogenetic time and thus have developed soils with similar properties. Pedogenon classes can afterwards be divided into subclasses along a gradient from less (i.e., remnant pedogenons) to more anthropogenic pressure on soils (i.e., pedophenons), in an analogous way to the concept of genoform and phenoform (Rossiter and Bouma, 2018). The assessment of changes in soil condition can be done with a space for time substitution within and across pedogenon classes. The conceptualization and methodology for pedogenon mapping and using the classes as basis to assess changes in soil condition are explained with more detail in two publications (Román Dobarco et al., 2021a; Román Dobarco et al., 2021b).<br><br> Detailed information about the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia can be found at - <a href="https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/index.html">SLGA</a>.<br><br> <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Period (temporal coverage; approximately): 1950-2022;</li> <li>Spatial resolution: 3 arc seconds (approx 90&nbsp;m);</li> <li>Number of pixels with coverage per layer: 2007M (49200 * 40800);</li> <li>Data license : Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY);</li> <li>Target data standard: GlobalSoilMap specifications;</li> <li>Format: Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF;</li></ul>

This is Version 1 of the Australian pH (Water) product of the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia.<br><br> The map gives a modelled estimate of the spatial distribution of soil pH (1:5 soil water solution) in soils across Australia.<br><br> The Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia has produced a range of digital soil attribute products. Each product contains six digital soil attribute maps, and their upper and lower confidence limits, representing the soil attribute at six depths: 0-5&nbsp;cm, 5-15&nbsp;cm, 15-30&nbsp;cm, 30-60&nbsp;cm, 60-100&nbsp;cm and 100-200&nbsp;cm. These depths are consistent with the specifications of the <a href="https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/Resources/GlobalSoilMap_specifications_december_2015_2.pdf">GlobalSoilMap.net project</a>. The digital soil attribute maps are in raster format at a resolution of 3 arc sec (~90 x 90&nbsp;m pixels).<br><br> Detailed information about the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia can be found at - <a href="https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/index.html">SLGA</a>.<br><br> <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Attribute Definition: pH of a 1:5 soil water solution;</li> <li>Units: None;</li> <li>Period (temporal coverage; approximately): 1950-2021;</li> <li>Spatial resolution: 3 arc seconds (approx 90&nbsp;m);</li> <li>Total number of gridded maps for this attribute: 18;</li> <li>Number of pixels with coverage per layer: 2007M (49200 * 40800);</li> <li>Data license : Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY);</li> <li>Target data standard: GlobalSoilMap specifications;</li> <li>Format: Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF;</li></ul>

This is Version 2 of the Australian soil pH (CaCl₂) product of the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia.<br><br> It supersedes the Release 1 product that can be found at https://doi.org/10.4225/08/546F17EC6AB6E<br><br> The map gives a modelled estimate of the spatial distribution of the pH of soils across Australia.<br><br> The Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia has produced a range of digital soil attribute products. Each product contains six digital soil attribute maps, and their upper and lower confidence limits, representing the soil attribute at six depths: 0-5&nbsp;cm, 5-15&nbsp;cm, 15-30&nbsp;cm, 30-60&nbsp;cm, 60-100&nbsp;cm and 100-200&nbsp;cm. These depths are consistent with the specifications of the GlobalSoilMap.net project. The digital soil attribute maps are in raster format at a resolution of 3 arc sec (~90 x 90&nbsp;m pixels). An additional measure of model reliability is through assessment of model extrapolation risk. This measure provides users a spatial depiction where model estimates are made within the domain of the observed data or not.<br><br> Detailed information about the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia can be found at - <a href="https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/index.html">SLGA</a><br><br> - Total number of gridded maps for this attribute: 24.<br> - Number of pixels with coverage per layer: 2007M (49200 * 40800).

We used Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) technologies combined with collations of observed soil colour data from TERN's Soil Data Federation System, to produce surface and subsoil maps of soil colour at a 90&nbsp;m resolution.<br><br> The map gives an estimate of the spatial distribution of RGB soil colour across Australia.<br><br> Detailed information about the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia can be found at - <a href="https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/index.html">SLGA</a>.<br><br> <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Period (temporal coverage; approximately): 1950-2020;</li> <li>Spatial resolution: 3 arc seconds (approx 90&nbsp;m);</li> <li>Number of pixels with coverage per layer: 2007M (49200 * 40800);</li> <li>Data license : Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY);</li> <li>Target data standard: GlobalSoilMap specifications;</li> <li>Format: Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF;</li></ul>

This is Version 2 of the Australian Soil Sand Content product of the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia. It supersedes the Release 1 product that can be found at https://doi.org/10.4225/08/546F29646877E The map gives a modelled estimate of the spatial distribution of sand in soils across Australia. The Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia has produced a range of digital soil attribute products. Each product contains six digital soil attribute maps, and their upper and lower confidence limits, representing the soil attribute at six depths: 0-5&nbsp;cm, 5-15&nbsp;cm, 15-30&nbsp;cm, 30-60&nbsp;cm, 60-100&nbsp;cm and 100-200&nbsp;cm. These depths are consistent with the specifications of the GlobalSoilMap.net project (https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/Resources/GlobalSoilMap_specifications_december_2015_2.pdf). The digital soil attribute maps are in raster format at a resolution of 3 arc sec (~90 x 90&nbsp;m pixels). Detailed information about the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia can be found at - https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/index.html <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"><li>Attribute Definition: 20&nbsp;um - 2&nbsp;mm mass fraction of the < 2&nbsp;mm soil material determined using the pipette method;</li> <li>Units: %;</li> <li>Period (temporal coverage; approximately): 1950-2021;</li> <li>Spatial resolution: 3 arc seconds (approx 90&nbsp;m);</li> <li>Total number of gridded maps for this attribute: 18;</li> <li>Number of pixels with coverage per layer: 2007M (49200 * 40800);</li> <li>Data license : Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY);</li> <li>Target data standard: GlobalSoilMap specifications;</li></ul>

The map gives a modelled estimate (probability) of the spatial distribution of rock outcroppings across Australia.<br></br> This product was produced in the development of the updated soil thickness map of Australia, details of which are published in Malone and Searle (2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114579). This product is the output from Model 1 of aforementioned paper and uses the Rock Properties database provided by Geoscience Australia which gives the locations of sampled rock outcrops across Australia (http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/disciplines/geophysics/rock-properties). Filtering this dataset resulted in 14616 rock outcrop locations within areas where relief >300 m. A machine learning model was used to find relationships between observed data and associated environmental covariate data to inform the mapping of rock outcrop occurrence across Australia.<br></br> Detailed information about the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia can be found at - <a href="https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/index.html">SLGA</a><br /><br /> <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"><li>Attribute Definition: Probability of rock outcrops;</li> <li>Units: 0-1;</li> <li>Period (temporal coverage; approximately): 1950-2021;</li> <li>Spatial resolution: 3 arc seconds (approx 90m);</li> <li>Total number of gridded maps for this attribute: 1;</li> <li>Number of pixels with coverage per layer: 2007M (49200 * 40800);</li> <li>Data license : Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY);</li> <li>Target data standard: GlobalSoilMap specifications;</li> <li>Format: Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF;</li></ul>

This is Version 1 of the Australian 15 Bar Lower Limit Volumetric Water Content (L15) product of the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia.<br><br> The map gives a modelled estimate of the spatial distribution of 15 Bar Lower Limit Volumetric Water Content in soils across Australia.<br><br> The Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia has produced a range of digital soil attribute products. Each product contains six digital soil attribute maps, and their upper and lower confidence limits, representing the soil attribute at six depths: 0-5&nbsp;cm, 5-15&nbsp;cm, 15-30&nbsp;cm, 30-60&nbsp;cm, 60-100&nbsp;cm and 100-200&nbsp;cm. These depths are consistent with the specifications of the <a href="https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/Resources/GlobalSoilMap_specifications_december_2015_2.pdf">GlobalSoilMap.net project</a>. The digital soil attribute maps are in raster format at a resolution of 3 arc sec (~90 x 90&nbsp;m pixels).<br><br> Detailed information about the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia can be found at - <a href="https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/index.html">SLGA</a>.<br><br> <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Attribute Definition: 15 Bar Lower Limit Volumetric Water Content;</li> <li>Units: percent;</li> <li>Period (temporal coverage; approximately): 1950-2021;</li> <li>Spatial resolution: 3 arc seconds (approx 90&nbsp;m);</li> <li>Total number of gridded maps for this attribute: 18;</li> <li>Number of pixels with coverage per layer: 2007M (49200 * 40800);</li> <li>Data license : Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY);</li> <li>Target data standard: GlobalSoilMap specifications;</li> <li>Format: Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF;</li></ul>