This is a series comprises of vegetation condition predictions for biodiversity for the bioregions of Queensland. The datasets were created using a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model based on 10 vegetation-specific remote sensing (RS) datasets and 7,938 training sites of known vegetation community and condition state across Southeast Queensland, Brigalow Belt and Central Queensland Coast bioregions. Condition score was modelled as a function of distance in the remote sensing (RS) space within homogeneous vegetation communities. The product is intended to represent predicted BioCondition for 2021 rather than any singe date. This series includes information relating the version 2.0 products of Spatial BioCondition, which have superseded the version 1.0 products (https://portal.tern.org.au/metadata/TERN/40990eec-5cef-41fe-976b-18286419da0c, https://portal.tern.org.au/metadata/TERN/2c33325c-1dd5-4674-918a-1cd5bfc1a6e3). Spatial BioCondition is not suitable for the measurement of changes in condition over time, and direct comparisons of predictions between versions 1.0 and 2.0 are not advised.

<p>This data set consists of a shapefile/kml of mangrove extent and dominant species for Kakadu National Park mangroves generated from true colour aerial photographs acquired in 1991.</p> <p>From true color 1991 orthomosaics of Field Island and the Wildman, West, and South Alligator Rivers, mangroves were mapped by first applying a fine scale spectral difference segmentation within eCognition to all three visible bands (blue, green, and red). A maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm within the environment for visualizing images (ENVI) software was then used to classify all segments using training areas associated with mangroves, but also water, mudflats, sandflats, and coastal woodlands. These were identified through visual interpretation of the imagery. Segmentation was necessary as 1) the diversity of structures and shadows within and between tree crowns limited the application of pixel-based classification procedures and 2) the color balance between the different photographs comprising the orthomosaics varied. All segments were examined individually and methodically to determine whether they should be reallocated to a non-mangrove class (e.g., mudflats) or confirmed as mangroves. Open woodlands dominated by Eucalyptus species could also be visually identified within the aerial photography (AP) orthoimages, although their discrimination was assisted by only considering areas where the underlying LiDAR DTM (Digital Terrain Model) exceeded 10 m, assuming this excludes tidally inundated sections.</p>

<p>This data set consists of .tif files of true colour orthomosaics for expansive areas of mangroves in Kakadu National Park in Australia's Northern Territory.</p> <p>The orthomosaics were generated from 68 stereo pairs of true colour aerial photographs acquired in 1991 in the lower reaches of the East Alligator, West Alligator, South Alligator and Wildman Rivers and Field Island, Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia (Mitchell et al., 2007). The photographs were taken at a flying height of 13,000 ft (3,960 m) using a Wild CR10, a standard photogrammetric camera with a frame size of 230 x 230 mm. The focal length was 152 mm. The photographs were scanned by Airesearch (Darwin) with a photogrammetric scanner to generate digital images with a pixel resolution between 12 and 15 mm. The orthomosaics have a spatial resolution of 1 m, cover an area of approximately 742 km² and a coastal distance of 86 km. </p> <p>These orthomosaics were co-registered using ground control points identified from 1:100,000 digital topographic maps with a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), and subsequently co-registered to LiDAR data acquired over the same region in 2011.</p>

This dataset contains spatial layers describing Forest Canopy Loss and Recovery from 1998-2019 in NSW Regional Forest Agreements (RFA) Areas along the eastern coast. <br> These have been based off the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NGGI) National Carbon Accounting System (NCAS) National Forest and Sparse Woody Vegetation Data grids (ABARES, 2020). These base grids are Landsat in origin and have a resolution of 25m. <br> For this dataset product and the processing of metrics, aspects of canopy loss and disturbances in the forest estate were investigated. Measures of canopy loss and recovery are seen as one of the multiple indicators of forest health. This is related to agents or pressures that affect the capacity of native forests and commercial operations to maintain normal ecosystem functions and sustainably provide productive capacity. <br> To attribute disturbances, as a driver of change, a Multiple Lines of Evidence (MLE) approach was used that leveraged available spatial datasets. This allowed for a project-wide disturbance and disturbance context layer to be generated. This information can be interpreted back against forest cover extent change outputs, in particular the differences between individual years, to identify the areas of change and the likely reasons why. Therefore, landscape trends in forest loss can be potentially assigned or at the very least investigated. <br> The time taken, in terms of years, for areas to recover from losses in forest canopy cover extent can has also been determined. This process identifies the time taken for a patch of forest to return to a 20% canopy cover threshold, and other characteristics such as the forest type and likely disturbance or loss event. <br> Forest Canopy Loss and Recovery uses measures of canopy loss and disturbances which can be interpreted back against forest cover extent change outputs, in particular the differences between individual years, to identify the areas of change and the likely reasons why. Therefore, landscape trends in forest canopy loss can be potentially assigned or at the very least investigated. Time taken in years for areas to recover for losses has also been determined, as-well as other characteristics such as forest type and likely disturbance/loss event. <br> Base cover extent grids used are from the NSW RFA Historic Forest Canopy Cover Extent – 1995 to 2019 product. Read more about the project on the Natural Resources Commission website:<br> https://www.nrc.nsw.gov.au/accordion-content-main/fmip-ecosystemhealth-projectfe1<br> This dataset is superseded by 'NSW Forest Monitoring and Improvement Program State-Wide Historic Forest Canopy Loss and Recovery - 1998 to 2020'

<br>The NSW Carbon Monitoring project is a collaboration between the Natural Resources Commission of NSW and Mullion Group to develop a spatial time-series dataset of forest carbon history for the state of NSW at ~25m resolution. The project used FLINTpro software to integrate historical environmental and land management data to model carbon stock and fluxes. Aboveground biomass refers to the amount of carbon stored within aboveground forest components (pools) which includes leaves, branches, bark and stems. Belowground biomass refers to the amount of carbon stored within belowground forest components (pools) which includes coarse and fine roots. Dead Organic Matter refers to the amount of carbon stored within dead forest components (pools) which includes leaf litter, branch litter, bark litter, stem litter, and dead roots. Carbon stored within soil and harvested wood products is not included within any of these datasets.</br> <br>This dataset has been superseeded by <a href="https://portal.tern.org.au/metadata/TERN/b9eab336-0ccc-43cd-9d44-e1e6207a2575">NSW Forest Carbon Stock - Aboveground, Belowground and Dead Organic Matter Carbon Mass 1990-2021</a></br>

This dataset contains predictions of the aboveground biomass density (AGBD) for Australia for 2020. Data were generated by the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) NASA mission, which used a full-waveform LIDAR attached to the International Space Station to provide the first global, high-resolution observations of forest vertical structure. Data include both Level 4A (~25&nbsp;m footprints) and Gridded Level 4B (1&nbsp;km x 1&nbsp;km) Version 2. The Australian portion of the data was extracted from the original global datasets <a href="https://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=2056">GEDI L4A Footprint Level Aboveground Biomass Density</a> and <a href="https://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=2299">GEDI L4B Gridded Aboveground Biomass Density</a>.

This dataset contains spatial layers describing Forest Loss and Recovery from 1998-2020 in NSW. For this dataset product and the processing of metrics, aspects of canopy loss and disturbances in the forest estate were investigated. Measures of canopy loss and recovery are seen as one of the multiple indicators of forest health. This is related to agents or pressures that affect the capacity of native forests and commercial operations to maintain normal ecosystem functions and sustainably provide productive capacity. <br> To attribute disturbances, as a driver of change, a Multiple Lines of Evidence (MLE) approach was used that leveraged available spatial datasets. This allowed for a project-wide disturbance and disturbance context layer to be generated. This information can be interpreted back against forest cover extent change outputs, in particular the differences between individual years, to identify the areas of change and the likely reasons why. Therefore, landscape trends in forest loss can be potentially assigned or at the very least investigated. <br> The time taken, in terms of years, for areas to recover from losses in forest cover extent can has also been determined. This process identifies the time taken for a patch of forest to return to a 20% canopy cover threshold, and other characteristics such as the forest type and likely disturbance or loss event.<br> Base cover extent grids used are from the NSW State-wide Historic Forest Cover Extent – 1995 to 2020 product. These have been processed through a series of land use and vegetation type exclusion masking and a through a fuzzy-logic based certainty analysis to reflect a forest cover extent coverage for NSW that is reflective of past and current coverage. <br> Read more about the project on the Natural Resources Commission website:<br> https://www.nrc.nsw.gov.au/accordion-content-main/fmip-ecosystemhealth-projectfe1<br> This dataset supersedes "NSW Forest Monitoring and Improvement Program RFA Historic Forest Loss and Recovery – 1998 to 2019".

The Landsat-derived fractional cover layer gives the amount of bare ground, green vegetation, and dead vegetation for each pixel on a specific date. The landscape of NSW undergoes a large variation in greenness throughout the seasonal and drought cycles. Information about the variation in greenness can be useful for a variety of mapping and planning tasks. Areas of green vegetation are important for native species habitat and human recreation activities. Green areas in the landscape are often related to the availability of near surface water or recent inundation, such as bogs, swamps and mires. These green areas are important for native plants and animals as locations of food and water in dry times. The green fraction has been analysed for a sequence of images to show how long an area stays green following a greening event, such as grass growth in response to rainfall. The map of green accumulation for NSW was created from Landsat images from 1988 to 2012. Areas exhibiting the highest values are the areas of NSW that respond with high green cover for a long period after a greening event.

Version 1 of the Brigalow Belt Bioregion Spatial BioCondition dataset is superseded by the Version 2 dataset that can be found at: https://doi.org/10.25901/rnqz-cn10.<br><br> Version 1 was an initial demonstration version. The version 1 data has been removed from publication to negate temporal comparisons between v1 (2019) and v2 (2021), as this is a future goal for the product but still in development phase. This was a spatial dataset comprising predictions of vegetation condition for biodiversity for the brigalow belt bioregion. The dataset was created using a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model based on eight vegetation specific remote sensing (RS) datasets and 17,000 training sites of known vegetation community and condition state. Condition score was modelled as a function of the difference in the RS space within homogeneous vegetation communities. The product was intended to represent predicted BioCondition for year 2019 rather than any single date.

Foliage Projective Cover (FPC) is the percentage of ground area occupied by the vertical projection of foliage. The Remote Sensing Centre FPC mapping is based on regression models applied to dry season (May to October) Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-8 OLI imagery for the period 1988-2014. An annual woody spectral index image is created for each year using a multiple regression model trained from field data collected mostly over the period 1996-1999. A robust regression of the time series of the annual woody spectral index is then performed. The estimated foliage projective cover is the prediction at the date of the selected dry season image for 2014. Where this deviates significantly from the woody spectral index for that date, further tests are undertaken before this estimate is accepted. In some cases, the final estimate is the woody spectral index value rather than the robust regression prediction. The product is further masked to remove areas classified as non-woody.