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Calperum Chowilla Flux Data Release 2024_v2

<br>This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.18) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).</br>


<br> The Calperum Chowilla site was established in July 2010 and is managed by the University of Adelaide, coordinated by Prof Wayne Meyer and Prof David Chittleborough of the Landscape Futures Program as part of the Environment Institute. This is a former sheep grazing property that has been destocked and is being managed as a conservation area in this type of ecosystem. The landscape is flat with a series of low east–west sand dunes. The dunes are remnants of a previous dry era and are mostly now stabilized by mallee (multi-stemmed Eucalypt trees) and various shrubs. It is a semi-arid environment fringing the River Murray floodplains of the Riverland. <br>

Simple

Identification info

Date (Creation)
2024-09-16
Date (Publication)
2024-10-04
Date (Revision)
2025-12-10
Edition
2024_v2

Identifier

Title
DataCite
Code
doi:10.25901/rrqx-9s71
Codespace
http://dx.doi.org

Publisher

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
+61 7 3365 9097

Author

University of Adelaide - Meyer, Wayne (Professor Natural Resources Science)
Waite Road, Waite, South Australia, 5064, Australia
Waite
South Australia
5064
Australia

Co-author

College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University - Ewenz, Cacilia (Environmental Scientist)
Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
Bedford Park
South Australia
5042
Australia

Co-author

University of Adelaide - Koerber, Georgia (Technical Officer - OzFlux)
Waite Road, Waite, South Australia, 5064, Australia
Waite
South Australia
5064
Australia

Co-author

University of Adelaide - Lubcke, Tim ()
Waite Road, Waite, South Australia, 5064, Australia
Waite
South Australia
5064
Australia
Website
https://www.tern.org.au/

Purpose
The purpose of the Calperum Chowilla flux station is to:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>measure the energy, CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O balance of mallee shrub land for short term (days) and long term (years)</li> <li>link vegetation and ecosystem response to soil, atmosphere and local management conditions to explain daily and seasonal variation in exchange processes</li> <li>use the site data to broaden environmental monitoring data for Ozflux and climate interpretation at the continental scale</li> <li>use the measured data to develop and test predictive models of vegetation and related ecosystems that can be used to improve restorative actions in conservation of this type of ecosystem.</li></ul>
Credit
We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.
Credit
<br>Calperum Mallee site is managed by the University of Adelaide (UA) and is funded by TERN. Calperum is a reserve managed by the Australian Landscape Trust, for the Australian Government.</br>
Status
Completed

Point of contact

University of Adelaide - Meyer, Wayne (Professor Natural Resources Science)
Waite Road, Waite, South Australia, 5064, Australia
Waite Road
Waite
South Australia
5064
Australia
Topic category
  • Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere

Extent

Description
The flux station is located north of Renmark in the South Australian Riverland.
N
S
E
W


Temporal extent

Time period
2010-07-30 2024-07-27
Title
Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916
Website
Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916

Related documentation

Maintenance and update frequency
Biannually
GCMD Science Keywords
  • BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • LAND PRODUCTIVITY
  • EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
  • TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
  • ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
  • TURBULENCE
  • WIND SPEED
  • WIND DIRECTION
  • TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES
  • ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
  • PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
  • LONGWAVE RADIATION
  • SHORTWAVE RADIATION
  • INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
  • HEAT FLUX
  • AIR TEMPERATURE
  • PRECIPITATION AMOUNT
  • HUMIDITY
  • SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT
  • SOIL TEMPERATURE
ANZSRC Fields of Research
  • Atmospheric sciences
  • Climate change impacts and adaptation
  • Ecosystem function
  • Environmental management
  • Soil sciences
TERN Platform Vocabulary
  • Calperum Chowilla Flux Station
TERN Instrument Vocabulary
  • LI-COR LI-7500
  • Hukseflux HFP01
  • Kipp&Zonen CNR4
  • HyQuest Solutions CS700
  • Vaisala HMP45C
  • Campbell Scientific CS650
  • Campbell Scientific TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe
  • Campbell Scientific CSAT3
TERN Parameter Vocabulary
  • surface upward latent heat flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • relative humidity
  • Percent
  • water evapotranspiration flux
  • Kilograms per square metre per second
  • gross primary productivity
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • surface air pressure
  • Kilopascal
  • vertical wind
  • Metre per Second
  • water vapor partial pressure in air
  • Kilopascal
  • longitudinal component of wind speed
  • Metre per Second
  • net ecosystem exchange
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • specific humidity saturation deficit in air
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • surface upward flux of available energy
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • thickness of rainfall amount
  • Millimetre
  • mole fraction of water vapor in air
  • Millimole per Mole
  • water vapor saturation deficit in air
  • Kilopascal
  • magnitude of surface downward stress
  • Kilograms per metre per square second
  • surface upwelling shortwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • wind from direction
  • Degree
  • wind speed
  • Metre per Second
  • surface upward sensible heat flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • lateral component of wind speed
  • Metre per Second
  • surface friction velocity
  • Metre per Second
  • surface net downward radiative flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air
  • Micromole per Mole
  • surface upwelling longwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • surface downwelling shortwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • net ecosystem productivity
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • volume fraction of condensed water in soil
  • Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
  • air temperature
  • Degree Celsius
  • surface downwelling longwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • specific humidity
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • soil temperature
  • Degree Celsius
  • downward heat flux at ground level in soil
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Monin-Obukhov length
  • Metre
  • mass concentration of water vapor in air
  • Gram per Cubic Metre
  • ecosystem respiration
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • enhanced vegetation index
  • Unitless
QUDT Units of Measure
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Percent
  • Kilograms per square metre per second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Kilopascal
  • Metre per Second
  • Kilopascal
  • Metre per Second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Millimetre
  • Millimole per Mole
  • Kilopascal
  • Kilograms per metre per square second
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Degree
  • Metre per Second
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Metre per Second
  • Metre per Second
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Micromole per Mole
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
  • Degree Celsius
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • Degree Celsius
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Metre
  • Gram per Cubic Metre
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Unitless
GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges
  • Point Resolution
GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges
  • 1 minute - < 1 hour
Keywords (Discipline)
  • AU-Cpr
  • mallee woodland

Resource constraints

Use limitation
The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
File name
88x31.png
File description
CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
File type
png
Linkage
https://w3id.org/tern/static/cc-by/88x31.png

Title
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
Alternate title
CC-BY
Edition
4.0
Website
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Access constraints
License
Use constraints
Other restrictions
Other constraints
TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br /><br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.<br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting
Other constraints
<br>Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}. </br>

Resource constraints

Classification
Unclassified
Environment description
<br>File naming convention</br> <br>The NetCDF files follow the naming convention below:</br> <br>SiteName_ProcessingLevel_FromDate_ToDate_Type.nc<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>SiteName: short name of the site</li> <li>ProcessingLevel: file processing level (L3, L4, L5, L6) </li> <li>FromDate: temporal interval (start), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>ToDate: temporal interval (end), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>Type (Level 6 only): Summary, Monthly, Daily, Cumulative, Annual</li></ul> For the NetCDF files at Level 6 (L6), there are several additional 'aggregated' files. For example: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Summary: This file is a summary of the L6 data for daily, monthly, annual and cumulative data. The files Monthly to Annual below are combined together in one file.</li> <li>Monthly: This file shows L6 monthly averages of the respective variables, e.g. AH, Fc, NEE, <em>etc.</em></li> <li>Daily: same as Monthly but with daily averages.</li> <li>Cumulative: File showing cumulative values for ecosystem respiration, evapo-transpiration, gross primary productivity, net ecosystem exchange and production as well as precipitation.</li> <li>Annual: same as Monthly but with annual averages.</li></ul>

Distribution Information

Distribution format

Distributor

Distributor

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia
Indooroopilly
Queensland
4068
Australia
OnLine resource
NetCDF files (2024_v2)

OnLine resource
ro-crate-metadata.json

Data quality info

Hierarchy level
Dataset
Other
<br>Processing levels</br> <br>Under each of the data release directories, the netcdf files are organised by processing levels (L3, L4, L5 and L6):<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>L3 (Level 3) processing applies a range of quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC) to the L1 data. The variable names are mapped to the standard variable names (CF 1.8) as part of this step. The L3 netCDF file is then the starting point for all further processing stages.</li> <li>L4 (Level 4) processing fills gaps in the radiation, meteorological and soil quantities utilising AWS (automated weather station), ACCESS-G (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator) and ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate).</li> <li>L5 (Level 5) processing fills gaps in the flux data employing the artificial neural network SOLO (self-organising linear output map).</li> <li>L6 (Level 6) processing partitions the gap-filled NEE into GPP and ER.</li></ul> Each processing level has two sub-folders ‘default’ and ‘site_pi’:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>default: contains files processed using PyFluxPro</li> <li>site_pi: contains files processed by the principal investigators of the site.</li></ul> If the data quality is poor, the data is filled from alternative sources. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. Quality control checks include: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>range checks for plausible limits</li> <li>spike detection</li> <li>dependency on other variables</li> <li>manual rejection of date ranges</li></ul> Specific checks applied to the sonic and IRGA data include rejection of points based on the sonic and IRGA diagnostic values and on either automatic gain control (AGC) or CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O signal strength, depending upon the configuration of the IRGA.</br> <br>Calperum Chowilla Flux Tower was established in 2010, and is currently active. The processed data release is currently ongoing, biannually.</br> <br></br>
Title
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
Website
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Abstract
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

Resource lineage

Statement
All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al (2017).
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Title
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
Website
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Method documentation

Title
PyFluxPro
Website
https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki

Method documentation

Reference System Information

Reference system identifier
EPSG/EPSG:4326

Reference system type
Geodetic Geographic 2D

Metadata

Metadata identifier
urn:uuid/d36f572c-51e2-4988-a4f6-a4a6c067b469

Title
TERN GeoNetwork UUID

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Point of contact

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
+61 7 3365 9097
Title
Calperum Chowilla Flux Data Collection

Identifier

Code
bfcba630-a27a-426d-a931-f2c6ac785c48
Codespace
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/
Description
Parent Metadata Record

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset
Metadata linkage
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/d36f572c-51e2-4988-a4f6-a4a6c067b469

Point-of-truth metadata URL

Date info (Creation)
2022-03-17T00:00:00.000000+00:00
Date info (Revision)
2025-12-10T09:52:43.389186+00:00

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
Edition
1

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
Edition
1.0

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
Edition
1.0
Title
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
Date (published)
2021
Edition
1.0

Identifier

Code
10.5281/zenodo.5652221
Website
https://github.com/ternaustralia/TERN-ISO19115/releases/tag/v1.0

 
 

Overviews

Spatial extent

N
S
E
W


Keywords

ANZSRC Fields of Research
Atmospheric sciences Climate change impacts and adaptation Ecosystem function Environmental management Soil sciences
GCMD Science Keywords
AIR TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES EVAPOTRANSPIRATION HEAT FLUX HUMIDITY INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION LAND PRODUCTIVITY LONGWAVE RADIATION PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION PRECIPITATION AMOUNT SHORTWAVE RADIATION SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT SOIL TEMPERATURE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES TURBULENCE WIND DIRECTION WIND SPEED

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Associated resources

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