Calperum Chowilla Flux Data Release 2024_v2

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.18) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).

The Calperum Chowilla site was established in July 2010 and is managed by the University of Adelaide, coordinated by Prof Wayne Meyer and Prof David Chittleborough of the Landscape Futures Program as part of the Environment Institute. This is a former sheep grazing property that has been destocked and is being managed as a conservation area in this type of ecosystem. The landscape is flat with a series of low east–west sand dunes. The dunes are remnants of a previous dry era and are mostly now stabilized by mallee (multi-stemmed Eucalypt trees) and various shrubs. It is a semi-arid environment fringing the River Murray floodplains of the Riverland.

Identification info

Date (Creation): 2024-09-16

Date (Publication): 2024-10-04

Date (Revision): 2025-12-10

Edition: 2024_v2

Identifier

Title: DataCite

Code: doi:10.25901/rrqx-9s71

Codespace: http://dx.doi.org

Publisher

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network

Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd

Indooroopilly

QLD

4068

Australia

+61 7 3365 9097

Author

University of Adelaide - Meyer, Wayne (Professor Natural Resources Science)

Waite Road, Waite, South Australia, 5064, Australia

Waite

South Australia

5064

Australia

Co-author

College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University - Ewenz, Cacilia (Environmental Scientist)

Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia

Bedford Park

South Australia

5042

Australia

Co-author

University of Adelaide - Koerber, Georgia (Technical Officer - OzFlux)

Waite Road, Waite, South Australia, 5064, Australia

Waite

South Australia

5064

Australia

Co-author

University of Adelaide - Lubcke, Tim ()

Waite Road, Waite, South Australia, 5064, Australia

Waite

South Australia

5064

Australia

Website: https://www.tern.org.au/

Purpose: The purpose of the Calperum Chowilla flux station is to:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>measure the energy, CO2 and H2O balance of mallee shrub land for short term (days) and long term (years)</li> <li>link vegetation and ecosystem response to soil, atmosphere and local management conditions to explain daily and seasonal variation in exchange processes</li> <li>use the site data to broaden environmental monitoring data for Ozflux and climate interpretation at the continental scale</li> <li>use the measured data to develop and test predictive models of vegetation and related ecosystems that can be used to improve restorative actions in conservation of this type of ecosystem.</li></ul>

Credit: We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.

Credit: Calperum Mallee site is managed by the University of Adelaide (UA) and is funded by TERN. Calperum is a reserve managed by the Australian Landscape Trust, for the Australian Government.

Status: Completed

Point of contact

University of Adelaide - Meyer, Wayne (Professor Natural Resources Science)

Waite Road, Waite, South Australia, 5064, Australia

Waite Road

Waite

South Australia

5064

Australia

Topic category

Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere

Extent

Description: The flux station is located north of Renmark in the South Australian Riverland.

Temporal extent

Time period: 2010-07-30 2024-07-27

Title: Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916

Website: Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916
Related documentation

Maintenance and update frequency: Biannually

GCMD Science Keywords

ANZSRC Fields of Research

TERN Platform Vocabulary

Calperum Chowilla Flux Station

TERN Instrument Vocabulary

TERN Parameter Vocabulary

QUDT Units of Measure

GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges

Point Resolution

GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges

1 minute - < 1 hour

Keywords (Discipline)

AU-Cpr
mallee woodland

Resource constraints

Use limitation: The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

File name: 88x31.png

File description: CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org

File type: png

Linkage: https://w3id.org/tern/static/cc-by/88x31.png

Title: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence

Alternate title: CC-BY

Edition: 4.0

Website: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Access constraints: License

Use constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN. Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting

Other constraints: Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.

Resource constraints

Classification: Unclassified

Environment description: File naming convention The NetCDF files follow the naming convention below: SiteName_ProcessingLevel_FromDate_ToDate_Type.nc<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>SiteName: short name of the site</li> <li>ProcessingLevel: file processing level (L3, L4, L5, L6) </li> <li>FromDate: temporal interval (start), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>ToDate: temporal interval (end), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>Type (Level 6 only): Summary, Monthly, Daily, Cumulative, Annual</li></ul> For the NetCDF files at Level 6 (L6), there are several additional 'aggregated' files. For example: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Summary: This file is a summary of the L6 data for daily, monthly, annual and cumulative data. The files Monthly to Annual below are combined together in one file.</li> <li>Monthly: This file shows L6 monthly averages of the respective variables, e.g. AH, Fc, NEE, etc.</li> <li>Daily: same as Monthly but with daily averages.</li> <li>Cumulative: File showing cumulative values for ecosystem respiration, evapo-transpiration, gross primary productivity, net ecosystem exchange and production as well as precipitation.</li> <li>Annual: same as Monthly but with annual averages.</li></ul>

Distribution Information

Distribution format

Distributor

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network

80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia

Indooroopilly

Queensland

4068

Australia

OnLine resource: NetCDF files (2024_v2)

OnLine resource: ro-crate-metadata.json

Data quality info

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Other: Processing levels Under each of the data release directories, the netcdf files are organised by processing levels (L3, L4, L5 and L6):<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>L3 (Level 3) processing applies a range of quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC) to the L1 data. The variable names are mapped to the standard variable names (CF 1.8) as part of this step. The L3 netCDF file is then the starting point for all further processing stages.</li> <li>L4 (Level 4) processing fills gaps in the radiation, meteorological and soil quantities utilising AWS (automated weather station), ACCESS-G (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator) and ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate).</li> <li>L5 (Level 5) processing fills gaps in the flux data employing the artificial neural network SOLO (self-organising linear output map).</li> <li>L6 (Level 6) processing partitions the gap-filled NEE into GPP and ER.</li></ul> Each processing level has two sub-folders ‘default’ and ‘site_pi’:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>default: contains files processed using PyFluxPro</li> <li>site_pi: contains files processed by the principal investigators of the site.</li></ul> If the data quality is poor, the data is filled from alternative sources. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. Quality control checks include: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>range checks for plausible limits</li> <li>spike detection</li> <li>dependency on other variables</li> <li>manual rejection of date ranges</li></ul> Specific checks applied to the sonic and IRGA data include rejection of points based on the sonic and IRGA diagnostic values and on either automatic gain control (AGC) or CO2 and H2O signal strength, depending upon the configuration of the IRGA. Calperum Chowilla Flux Tower was established in 2010, and is currently active. The processed data release is currently ongoing, biannually.

Title: Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

Website: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Abstract: Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

Resource lineage

Statement: All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al (2017).

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Title: Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

Website: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017
Method documentation

Title: PyFluxPro

Website: https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki
Method documentation

Reference System Information

Reference system identifier: EPSG/EPSG:4326

Reference system type: Geodetic Geographic 2D

Metadata

Metadata identifier

urn:uuid/d36f572c-51e2-4988-a4f6-a4a6c067b469

Title: TERN GeoNetwork UUID

Language: English

Character encoding: UTF8

Point of contact

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network

Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd

Indooroopilly

QLD

4068

Australia

+61 7 3365 9097

Title: Calperum Chowilla Flux Data Collection

Identifier

Code: bfcba630-a27a-426d-a931-f2c6ac785c48

Codespace: https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/

Description: Parent Metadata Record

Type of resource

Resource scope: Dataset

Metadata linkage: https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/d36f572c-51e2-4988-a4f6-a4a6c067b469
Point-of-truth metadata URL

Date info (Creation): 2022-03-17T00:00:00.000000+00:00

Date info (Revision): 2025-12-10T09:52:43.389186+00:00

Metadata standard

Title: ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals

Edition: 1

Metadata standard

Title: ISO/TS 19115-3:2016

Edition: 1.0

Metadata standard

Title: ISO/TS 19157-2:2016

Edition: 1.0

Title: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016

Date (published): 2021

Edition: 1.0

Identifier

Code: 10.5281/zenodo.5652221

Website: https://github.com/ternaustralia/TERN-ISO19115/releases/tag/v1.0

Overviews

Spatial extent

Provided by

Access to the portal

Read here the full details and access to the data.

Associated resources

Not available

Simple

Identification info

Identifier

Publisher

Author

Co-author

Co-author

Co-author

Point of contact

Extent

Temporal extent

Resource constraints

Resource constraints

Distribution Information

Distributor

Distributor

Data quality info

Resource lineage

Reference System Information

Metadata

Point of contact

Identifier

Type of resource

Metadata standard

Metadata standard

Metadata standard

Identifier

Overviews

Spatial extent

Keywords

Provided by

Share on social sites

Associated resources