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Wombat State Forest Flux Data Release 2025_v1

<br>This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.18) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).</br>


<br>Wombat State Forest site is a secondary re-growth forest that was last harvested in 1980. Dominant tree species are <em>Eucalyptus obliqua</em> (messmate stringybark), <em>Eucalyptus radiata</em> (narrow leaf peppermint) and <em>Eucalyptus rubida</em> (candlebark) with an average canopy height of 25&nbsp;m. The understorey consists mainly of patchy grasses and the soil is a silty-clay overlying clay. The forest is managed by the Department of Sustainability and Environment and management includes selective harvesting and prescribed burning regimes. The climate of the study area is classified as cool-temperate to Mediterranean with cold and wet winters (May-August) and warm and dry summers (December-February) with temperatures between 1 and 30&nbsp;°C and mean annual air temperature of 12.1&nbsp;°C. Annual rainfall is approximately 871&nbsp;mm (142 year long-term average). Coherent automated measurements of soil greenhouse gas fluxes (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O) were collected using a trailer-mounted mobile laboratory - Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometer from 2010 to 2016. Measurement height was originally 30&nbsp;m but increased to 33&nbsp;m in January 2017.</br>


<br> The Wombat State Forest Flux tower was decommissioned 09 June 2021, and a new flux tower, Wombat State Forest 2 Flux Station was commissioned on 2024-05-08. The new tower height is approximately 44.19 m.</br>

Simple

Identification info

Date (Creation)
2025-03-17
Date (Publication)
2025-08-25
Date (Revision)
2025-12-10
Edition
2025_v1

Identifier

Title
DataCite
Code
doi:10.25901/r3d8-pd62
Codespace
http://dx.doi.org

Publisher

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
+61 7 3365 9097

Author

University of Melbourne - Arndt, Stefan (Professor)
500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond Victoria 3121, Australia
Richmond
Victoria
3121
Australia

Co-author

Western Sydney University - Griebel, Anne (Research Fellow)
Bourke Street, Richmond, 2753, New South Wales, Australia
Richmond
New South Wales
2753
Australia

Author

University of Melbourne - Hinko-Najera, Nina (Research Assistant)
500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond Victoria 3121, Australia
Richmond
Victoria
3121
Australia
Website
https://www.tern.org.au/

Purpose
Wombat Forest research site facilitates the investigation of complex ecosystem processes of carbon, water and nutrient cycles in a dry-sclerophyll forest that are commonly found in Australia. This research will help to assess the impact of future environmental change on forest ecosystems in Australia. The Wombat Forest research site will:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>quantify the carbon sink/source strength of a dry sclerophyll forest and identify the contribution of such forests to the Australia's National Carbon Inventory</li> <li>quantify the emission and/or uptake of non-CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide and methane of the forest</li> <li>assess the role of climate variability and drought on ecosystem processes</li> <li>assess the impact of disturbances (such as fire) on ecosystem processes</li> <li>provide a database of microclimate and ecological parameters for use in carbon and water modelling projects.</li></ul>
Credit
We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.
Credit
<br></br> The site is managed by The University of Melbourne in collaboration with Monash University and the Department of Sustainability and Environment of Victoria. Data collection is funded by TERN.
Status
Completed

Point of contact

University of Melbourne - Arndt, Stefan (Professor)
500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond Victoria 3121, Australia
500 Yarra Boulevard
Richmond
Victoria
3121
Australia

Point of contact

University of Melbourne - Hinko-Najera, Nina (Research Assistant)
500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond Victoria 3121, Australia
500 Yarra Boulevard
Richmond
Victoria
3121
Australia
Topic category
  • Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere

Extent

Description
Within the Wombat State Forest, between Ballarat and Daylesford in Central Victoria, 100km west of Melbourne.
N
S
E
W


Temporal extent

Time period
2010-01-20 2025-02-02
Title
Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916
Website
Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916

Related documentation

Maintenance and update frequency
Biannually
GCMD Science Keywords
  • BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • LAND PRODUCTIVITY
  • EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
  • TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
  • ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
  • TURBULENCE
  • WIND SPEED
  • WIND DIRECTION
  • TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES
  • ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
  • PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
  • LONGWAVE RADIATION
  • SHORTWAVE RADIATION
  • INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
  • HEAT FLUX
  • AIR TEMPERATURE
  • PRECIPITATION AMOUNT
  • HUMIDITY
  • SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT
  • SOIL TEMPERATURE
ANZSRC Fields of Research
  • Atmospheric sciences
  • Climate change impacts and adaptation
  • Ecosystem function
  • Environmental management
  • Soil sciences
TERN Platform Vocabulary
  • Wombat Forest Flux Station 1
  • Wombat Forest Flux Station 2
TERN Instrument Vocabulary
  • Hukseflux HFP01
  • Vaisala HMP155
  • Campbell Scientific CS650
  • Campbell Scientific TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe
  • LI-COR LI-7500
  • Kipp&Zonen CNR1
  • Delta-T Devices BF3
  • HyQuest Solutions CS700
  • Campbell Scientific CS616
  • Campbell Scientific CSAT3
  • LI-COR LI-7500RS
  • Campbell Scientific CSAT3B
  • REBS HFT3 Soil Heat Flux Plate
  • LI-COR LI-840
TERN Parameter Vocabulary
  • mole fraction of water vapor in air
  • Millimole per Mole
  • Monin-Obukhov length
  • Metre
  • lateral component of wind speed
  • Metre per Second
  • ecosystem respiration
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • net ecosystem exchange
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • longitudinal component of wind speed
  • Metre per Second
  • air temperature
  • Degree Celsius
  • surface upwelling shortwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • surface downwelling longwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • vertical wind
  • Metre per Second
  • net ecosystem productivity
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • thickness of rainfall amount
  • Millimetre
  • gross primary productivity
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • water evapotranspiration flux
  • Kilograms per square metre per second
  • surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • volume fraction of condensed water in soil
  • Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
  • surface upward flux of available energy
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • soil temperature
  • Degree Celsius
  • specific humidity saturation deficit in air
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • relative humidity
  • Percent
  • magnitude of surface downward stress
  • Kilograms per metre per square second
  • specific humidity
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • surface upward latent heat flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • surface upward sensible heat flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • water vapor partial pressure in air
  • Kilopascal
  • surface downwelling shortwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • wind speed
  • Metre per Second
  • downward heat flux at ground level in soil
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • enhanced vegetation index
  • Unitless
  • surface friction velocity
  • Metre per Second
  • surface air pressure
  • Kilopascal
  • water vapor saturation deficit in air
  • Kilopascal
  • mass concentration of water vapor in air
  • Gram per Cubic Metre
  • mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air
  • Micromole per Mole
  • surface net downward radiative flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • surface upwelling longwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • wind from direction
  • Degree
QUDT Units of Measure
  • Millimole per Mole
  • Metre
  • Metre per Second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Metre per Second
  • Degree Celsius
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Metre per Second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Millimetre
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Kilograms per square metre per second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Degree Celsius
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • Percent
  • Kilograms per metre per square second
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Kilopascal
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Metre per Second
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Unitless
  • Metre per Second
  • Kilopascal
  • Kilopascal
  • Gram per Cubic Metre
  • Micromole per Mole
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Degree
GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges
  • Point Resolution
GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges
  • 1 minute - < 1 hour
Keywords (Discipline)
  • eddy covariance
  • AU-Wom
  • dry sclerophyll forest

Resource constraints

Use limitation
The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
File name
88x31.png
File description
CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
File type
png
Linkage
https://w3id.org/tern/static/cc-by/88x31.png

Title
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
Alternate title
CC-BY
Edition
4.0
Website
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Access constraints
License
Use constraints
Other restrictions
Other constraints
TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br /><br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.<br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting
Other constraints
Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.

Resource constraints

Classification
Unclassified
Environment description
<br>File naming convention</br> <br>The NetCDF files follow the naming convention below:</br> <br>SiteName_ProcessingLevel_FromDate_ToDate_Type.nc<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>SiteName: short name of the site</li> <li>ProcessingLevel: file processing level (L3, L4, L5, L6) </li> <li>FromDate: temporal interval (start), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>ToDate: temporal interval (end), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>Type (Level 6 only): Summary, Monthly, Daily, Cumulative, Annual</li></ul> For the NetCDF files at Level 6 (L6), there are several additional 'aggregated' files. For example: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Summary: This file is a summary of the L6 data for daily, monthly, annual and cumulative data. The files Monthly to Annual below are combined together in one file.</li> <li>Monthly: This file shows L6 monthly averages of the respective variables, e.g. AH, Fc, NEE, <em>etc.</em></li> <li>Daily: same as Monthly but with daily averages.</li> <li>Cumulative: File showing cumulative values for ecosystem respiration, evapo-transpiration, gross primary productivity, net ecosystem exchange and production as well as precipitation.</li> <li>Annual: same as Monthly but with annual averages.</li></ul>

Distribution Information

Distribution format

Distributor

Distributor

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia
Indooroopilly
Queensland
4068
Australia
OnLine resource
NetCDF files (2025_v1)

OnLine resource
ro-crate-metadata.json

Data quality info

Hierarchy level
Dataset
Other
<br>Processing levels</br> <br>Under each of the data release directories, the netcdf files are organised by processing levels (L3, L4, L5 and L6):<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>L3 (Level 3) processing applies a range of quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC) to the L1 data. The variable names are mapped to the standard variable names (CF 1.8) as part of this step. The L3 netCDF file is then the starting point for all further processing stages.</li> <li>L4 (Level 4) processing fills gaps in the radiation, meteorological and soil quantities utilising AWS (automated weather station), ACCESS-G (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator) and ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate).</li> <li>L5 (Level 5) processing fills gaps in the flux data employing the artificial neural network SOLO (self-organising linear output map).</li> <li>L6 (Level 6) processing partitions the gap-filled NEE into GPP and ER.</li></ul> Each processing level has two sub-folders ‘default’ and ‘site_pi’:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>default: contains files processed using PyFluxPro</li> <li>site_pi: contains files processed by the principal investigators of the site.</li></ul> If the data quality is poor, the data is filled from alternative sources. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. Quality control checks include: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>range checks for plausible limits</li> <li>spike detection</li> <li>dependency on other variables</li> <li>manual rejection of date ranges</li></ul> Specific checks applied to the sonic and IRGA data include rejection of points based on the sonic and IRGA diagnostic values and on either automatic gain control (AGC) or CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O signal strength, depending upon the configuration of the IRGA.</br> <br>Wombat State Forest Flux Tower was established in 2010, and is currently active. The processed data release is currently ongoing, biannually.</br> <br></br>
Title
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
Website
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Abstract
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

Resource lineage

Statement
All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al. (2017).
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Title
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
Website
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Method documentation

Title
PyFluxPro
Website
https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki

Method documentation

Reference System Information

Reference system identifier
EPSG/EPSG:4326

Reference system type
Geodetic Geographic 2D

Metadata

Metadata identifier
urn:uuid/d250da79-b3e5-44b7-88bd-e4ccb5a82ec7

Title
TERN GeoNetwork UUID

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Point of contact

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
+61 7 3365 9097
Title
Wombat State Forest Flux Data Collection

Identifier

Code
406f54f8-bf35-482c-bbfe-bdf03b5a408e
Codespace
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/
Description
Parent Metadata Record

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset
Metadata linkage
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/d250da79-b3e5-44b7-88bd-e4ccb5a82ec7

Point-of-truth metadata URL

Date info (Creation)
2025-08-25T00:21:30.222539+00:00
Date info (Revision)
2025-12-10T10:14:34.146389+00:00

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
Edition
1

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
Edition
1.0

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
Edition
1.0
Title
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
Date (published)
2021
Edition
1.0

Identifier

Code
10.5281/zenodo.5652221
Website
https://github.com/ternaustralia/TERN-ISO19115/releases/tag/v1.0

 
 

Overviews

Spatial extent

N
S
E
W


Keywords

ANZSRC Fields of Research
Atmospheric sciences Climate change impacts and adaptation Ecosystem function Environmental management Soil sciences
GCMD Science Keywords
AIR TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES EVAPOTRANSPIRATION HEAT FLUX HUMIDITY INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION LAND PRODUCTIVITY LONGWAVE RADIATION PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION PRECIPITATION AMOUNT SHORTWAVE RADIATION SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT SOIL TEMPERATURE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES TURBULENCE WIND DIRECTION WIND SPEED

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Associated resources

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