Wombat State Forest Flux Data Release 2025_v1
<br>This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.18) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).</br>
<br>Wombat State Forest site is a secondary re-growth forest that was last harvested in 1980. Dominant tree species are <em>Eucalyptus obliqua</em> (messmate stringybark), <em>Eucalyptus radiata</em> (narrow leaf peppermint) and <em>Eucalyptus rubida</em> (candlebark) with an average canopy height of 25 m. The understorey consists mainly of patchy grasses and the soil is a silty-clay overlying clay. The forest is managed by the Department of Sustainability and Environment and management includes selective harvesting and prescribed burning regimes. The climate of the study area is classified as cool-temperate to Mediterranean with cold and wet winters (May-August) and warm and dry summers (December-February) with temperatures between 1 and 30 °C and mean annual air temperature of 12.1 °C. Annual rainfall is approximately 871 mm (142 year long-term average). Coherent automated measurements of soil greenhouse gas fluxes (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O) were collected using a trailer-mounted mobile laboratory - Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometer from 2010 to 2016. Measurement height was originally 30 m but increased to 33 m in January 2017.</br>
<br> The Wombat State Forest Flux tower was decommissioned 09 June 2021, and a new flux tower, Wombat State Forest 2 Flux Station was commissioned on 2024-05-08. The new tower height is approximately 44.19 m.</br>
Simple
Identification info
- Date (Creation)
- 2025-03-17
- Date (Publication)
- 2025-08-25
- Date (Revision)
- 2025-12-10
- Edition
- 2025_v1
Identifier
Publisher
Author
University of Melbourne - Arndt, Stefan (Professor)
500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond Victoria 3121, Australia
Richmond
Victoria
3121
Australia
Co-author
Western Sydney University - Griebel, Anne (Research Fellow)
Bourke Street, Richmond, 2753, New South Wales, Australia
Richmond
New South Wales
2753
Australia
Author
University of Melbourne - Hinko-Najera, Nina (Research Assistant)
500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond Victoria 3121, Australia
Richmond
Victoria
3121
Australia
- Website
- https://www.tern.org.au/
- Purpose
- Wombat Forest research site facilitates the investigation of complex ecosystem processes of carbon, water and nutrient cycles in a dry-sclerophyll forest that are commonly found in Australia. This research will help to assess the impact of future environmental change on forest ecosystems in Australia. The Wombat Forest research site will:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>quantify the carbon sink/source strength of a dry sclerophyll forest and identify the contribution of such forests to the Australia's National Carbon Inventory</li> <li>quantify the emission and/or uptake of non-CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide and methane of the forest</li> <li>assess the role of climate variability and drought on ecosystem processes</li> <li>assess the impact of disturbances (such as fire) on ecosystem processes</li> <li>provide a database of microclimate and ecological parameters for use in carbon and water modelling projects.</li></ul>
- Credit
- We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.
- Credit
- <br></br> The site is managed by The University of Melbourne in collaboration with Monash University and the Department of Sustainability and Environment of Victoria. Data collection is funded by TERN.
- Status
- Completed
Point of contact
University of Melbourne - Arndt, Stefan (Professor)
500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond Victoria 3121, Australia
500 Yarra Boulevard
Richmond
Victoria
3121
Australia
Point of contact
University of Melbourne - Hinko-Najera, Nina (Research Assistant)
500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond Victoria 3121, Australia
500 Yarra Boulevard
Richmond
Victoria
3121
Australia
- Topic category
-
- Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere
Extent
- Description
- Within the Wombat State Forest, between Ballarat and Daylesford in Central Victoria, 100km west of Melbourne.
N
S
E
W
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Temporal extent
- Time period
- 2010-01-20 2025-02-02
- Title
- Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Biannually
- GCMD Science Keywords
-
- BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
- LAND PRODUCTIVITY
- EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
- TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
- ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
- TURBULENCE
- WIND SPEED
- WIND DIRECTION
- TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES
- ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
- PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
- LONGWAVE RADIATION
- SHORTWAVE RADIATION
- INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
- HEAT FLUX
- AIR TEMPERATURE
- PRECIPITATION AMOUNT
- HUMIDITY
- SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT
- SOIL TEMPERATURE
- ANZSRC Fields of Research
- TERN Platform Vocabulary
- TERN Instrument Vocabulary
-
- Hukseflux HFP01
- Vaisala HMP155
- Campbell Scientific CS650
- Campbell Scientific TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe
- LI-COR LI-7500
- Kipp&Zonen CNR1
- Delta-T Devices BF3
- HyQuest Solutions CS700
- Campbell Scientific CS616
- Campbell Scientific CSAT3
- LI-COR LI-7500RS
- Campbell Scientific CSAT3B
- REBS HFT3 Soil Heat Flux Plate
- LI-COR LI-840
- TERN Parameter Vocabulary
-
- mole fraction of water vapor in air
- Millimole per Mole
- Monin-Obukhov length
- Metre
- lateral component of wind speed
- Metre per Second
- ecosystem respiration
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- net ecosystem exchange
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- longitudinal component of wind speed
- Metre per Second
- air temperature
- Degree Celsius
- surface upwelling shortwave flux in air
- Watt per Square Metre
- surface downwelling longwave flux in air
- Watt per Square Metre
- vertical wind
- Metre per Second
- net ecosystem productivity
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- thickness of rainfall amount
- Millimetre
- gross primary productivity
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- water evapotranspiration flux
- Kilograms per square metre per second
- surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- volume fraction of condensed water in soil
- Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
- surface upward flux of available energy
- Watt per Square Metre
- soil temperature
- Degree Celsius
- specific humidity saturation deficit in air
- Kilogram per Kilogram
- relative humidity
- Percent
- magnitude of surface downward stress
- Kilograms per metre per square second
- specific humidity
- Kilogram per Kilogram
- surface upward latent heat flux
- Watt per Square Metre
- surface upward sensible heat flux
- Watt per Square Metre
- water vapor partial pressure in air
- Kilopascal
- surface downwelling shortwave flux in air
- Watt per Square Metre
- wind speed
- Metre per Second
- downward heat flux at ground level in soil
- Watt per Square Metre
- enhanced vegetation index
- Unitless
- surface friction velocity
- Metre per Second
- surface air pressure
- Kilopascal
- water vapor saturation deficit in air
- Kilopascal
- mass concentration of water vapor in air
- Gram per Cubic Metre
- mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air
- Micromole per Mole
- surface net downward radiative flux
- Watt per Square Metre
- surface upwelling longwave flux in air
- Watt per Square Metre
- wind from direction
- Degree
- QUDT Units of Measure
-
- Millimole per Mole
- Metre
- Metre per Second
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- Metre per Second
- Degree Celsius
- Watt per Square Metre
- Watt per Square Metre
- Metre per Second
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- Millimetre
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- Kilograms per square metre per second
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
- Watt per Square Metre
- Degree Celsius
- Kilogram per Kilogram
- Percent
- Kilograms per metre per square second
- Kilogram per Kilogram
- Watt per Square Metre
- Watt per Square Metre
- Kilopascal
- Watt per Square Metre
- Metre per Second
- Watt per Square Metre
- Unitless
- Metre per Second
- Kilopascal
- Kilopascal
- Gram per Cubic Metre
- Micromole per Mole
- Watt per Square Metre
- Watt per Square Metre
- Degree
- GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges
- GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges
- Keywords (Discipline)
-
- eddy covariance
- AU-Wom
- dry sclerophyll forest
Resource constraints
- Use limitation
- The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- File name
- 88x31.png
- File description
- CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
- File type
- png
- Title
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
- Alternate title
- CC-BY
- Edition
- 4.0
- Access constraints
- License
- Use constraints
- Other restrictions
- Other constraints
- TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br /><br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.<br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting
- Other constraints
- Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.
Resource constraints
- Classification
- Unclassified
- Environment description
- <br>File naming convention</br> <br>The NetCDF files follow the naming convention below:</br> <br>SiteName_ProcessingLevel_FromDate_ToDate_Type.nc<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>SiteName: short name of the site</li> <li>ProcessingLevel: file processing level (L3, L4, L5, L6) </li> <li>FromDate: temporal interval (start), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>ToDate: temporal interval (end), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>Type (Level 6 only): Summary, Monthly, Daily, Cumulative, Annual</li></ul> For the NetCDF files at Level 6 (L6), there are several additional 'aggregated' files. For example: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Summary: This file is a summary of the L6 data for daily, monthly, annual and cumulative data. The files Monthly to Annual below are combined together in one file.</li> <li>Monthly: This file shows L6 monthly averages of the respective variables, e.g. AH, Fc, NEE, <em>etc.</em></li> <li>Daily: same as Monthly but with daily averages.</li> <li>Cumulative: File showing cumulative values for ecosystem respiration, evapo-transpiration, gross primary productivity, net ecosystem exchange and production as well as precipitation.</li> <li>Annual: same as Monthly but with annual averages.</li></ul>
Distribution Information
- Distribution format
-
Distributor
Distributor
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia
Indooroopilly
Queensland
4068
Australia
- OnLine resource
- NetCDF files (2025_v1)
- OnLine resource
- ro-crate-metadata.json
Data quality info
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Other
- <br>Processing levels</br> <br>Under each of the data release directories, the netcdf files are organised by processing levels (L3, L4, L5 and L6):<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>L3 (Level 3) processing applies a range of quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC) to the L1 data. The variable names are mapped to the standard variable names (CF 1.8) as part of this step. The L3 netCDF file is then the starting point for all further processing stages.</li> <li>L4 (Level 4) processing fills gaps in the radiation, meteorological and soil quantities utilising AWS (automated weather station), ACCESS-G (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator) and ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate).</li> <li>L5 (Level 5) processing fills gaps in the flux data employing the artificial neural network SOLO (self-organising linear output map).</li> <li>L6 (Level 6) processing partitions the gap-filled NEE into GPP and ER.</li></ul> Each processing level has two sub-folders ‘default’ and ‘site_pi’:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>default: contains files processed using PyFluxPro</li> <li>site_pi: contains files processed by the principal investigators of the site.</li></ul> If the data quality is poor, the data is filled from alternative sources. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. Quality control checks include: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>range checks for plausible limits</li> <li>spike detection</li> <li>dependency on other variables</li> <li>manual rejection of date ranges</li></ul> Specific checks applied to the sonic and IRGA data include rejection of points based on the sonic and IRGA diagnostic values and on either automatic gain control (AGC) or CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O signal strength, depending upon the configuration of the IRGA.</br> <br>Wombat State Forest Flux Tower was established in 2010, and is currently active. The processed data release is currently ongoing, biannually.</br> <br></br>
- Title
- Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
- Abstract
- Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
Resource lineage
- Statement
- All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al. (2017).
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Title
- Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
- Website
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017
Method documentation
- Title
- PyFluxPro
- Website
-
https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki
Method documentation
Reference System Information
- Reference system identifier
- EPSG/EPSG:4326
- Reference system type
- Geodetic Geographic 2D
Metadata
- Metadata identifier
-
urn:uuid/d250da79-b3e5-44b7-88bd-e4ccb5a82ec7
- Title
- TERN GeoNetwork UUID
- Language
- English
- Character encoding
- UTF8
Point of contact
- Title
- Wombat State Forest Flux Data Collection
Identifier
- Codespace
- https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/
- Description
- Parent Metadata Record
Type of resource
- Resource scope
- Dataset
- Metadata linkage
-
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/d250da79-b3e5-44b7-88bd-e4ccb5a82ec7
Point-of-truth metadata URL
- Date info (Creation)
- 2025-08-25T00:21:30.222539+00:00
- Date info (Revision)
- 2025-12-10T10:14:34.146389+00:00
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
- Edition
- 1
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
- Title
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
- Date (published)
- 2021
- Edition
- 1.0
Identifier
Overviews
Spatial extent
N
S
E
W
Provided by
Associated resources
Not available