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Wallaby Creek Flux Data Release 2023_v1

<br>This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.5.0) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).</br>


<br>The forest is classed as a tall, wet sclerophyll forest, and the dominant <em>Eucalyptus Regnans</em> or mountain ash trees have an average canopy height of 75&nbsp;m. The site contains a chronosequence of (20, 80 and 300) stand ages that were established during fires occurring over the last 300 years. The area is assigned the IUCN Category II (National Parks) of the United Nations’ list of National Parks and protected areas, which means the park is primarily managed for ecosystem conservation. The catchment area is dominated by mountain ash, the world’s tallest flowering plant (angiosperm). Trees can reach heights of more than 90&nbsp;m in areas with high rainfall and fertile soil. Mountain ash forests are confined to the cool mountain regions with elevations ranging from 460 to 1100&nbsp;m and average rainfalls of 1100 to 2000&nbsp;mm/y. These trees are well distributed throughout Victoria’s Central Highlands including the Otway Ranges and Strzlecki Ranges; they are also found in Tasmania. The catchment area contains a portion of the Mt. Disappointment range, the Divide and the headwaters of Wallaby Creek and Silver Creek, and much of the slopes are characterised as flat to moderate.</br>


<br>The station itself is located within an old growth stand with individual trees as old as 300 years. Below the dominant canopy lies a temperate rainforest understorey consisting of <em>Pomaderris aspera</em> and <em>Olearia argophylla</em> species, which are 10 to 18&nbsp;m tall. The lower layers of vegetation are dominated by tree ferns (<em>Cyathea australis</em> and <em>Dicksonia antartica</em>) and extensive tracts of rosette and rhizonic ferns (<em>Polystichum proliferum</em> and <em>Blechnum wattsii</em>) as well as acacia trees. The elevation is approximately 720&nbsp;m. The major soil type within the forest is krasnozemic soils, which are friable red/brown soils, with high amounts of organic matter in the upper 20 to 30&nbsp;cm. However, the composition of krasnozemic soils is not homogenous, but rather varies with altitude. Grey-yellow podsolised soils can be found at lower altitudes, while krasnozemic loams is characteristic of the higher altitudes of the Kinglake and of the Hume Plateau. The clay content of these soils increases with depth until at least 200&nbsp;cm deep, where after a transition soils contain rock fragments. The climate of the study area is classified as a cool, temperate zone, with the highest temperatures occurring during the summer months of December – February (13.8 to 22.5&nbsp;°C), whilst the coolest temperatures are experienced in May and August (4.7 to 9.2&nbsp;°C). Average annual precipitation is 1209&nbsp;mm, with a maximum rainfall occurring in June (Ashton, 2000). The study site experiences foggy conditions after sunset during autumn and winter.</br>


<br>The original station had a main mast at 110&nbsp;m. This station was destroyed in February 2009 by bushfires. A replacement station was established in March 2010 and started recording in May 2010. The mast sat at a height of 5&nbsp;m. The post-fire instrumentation was not as diverse as the pre-fire instrumentation.</br>

Simple

Identification info

Date (Creation)
2023-03-31
Date (Publication)
2023-05-03
Date (Revision)
2025-12-10
Edition
2023_v1

Identifier

Title
DataCite
Code
doi:10.25901/2dmx-4b12
Codespace
http://dx.doi.org

Publisher

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
+61 7 3365 9097

Author

Monash University - Beringer, Jason (Professor)
900 Dandenong Road, Caulfield East, 3145, Victoria, Australia
Caulfield East
Victoria
3145
Australia

Co-author

Monash University - McHugh, Ian (Technical officer)
900 Dandenong Road, Caulfield East, 3145, Victoria, Australia
Caulfield East
Victoria
3145
Australia
Website
https://www.tern.org.au/

Purpose
The research aim of the Wallaby Creek flux station is to:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>understand the complex coupling of carbon, water and energy cycles within Australia's old growth temperate forests over various scales in order to assess the impact of future environmental change</li> <li>measure exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy between an old growth, tall forest and the atmosphere using micrometeorological techniques</li> <li>quantify the carbon sink/source of a temperate, old growth mountain ash forest and identify the contribution of such forests to the continents 'National Carbon Inventory'</li> <li>provide a database of microclimate and ecological parameters for use in carbon and water modelling projects</li> <li>investigate how carbon cycles change over successional time scales (decadal to centennial).</li></ul>
Credit
We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.
Credit
<br></br> The station was established in August 2005 by Monash University as part of an ARC funded sustainable futures project, number DP0451247. It was operated in collaboration with Charles Darwin University and University of Alaska Fairbanks and supported by TERN. The flux station was part of the Australian OzFlux Network and contributed to the international FLUXNET Network.
Status
Completed

Point of contact

Monash University - Beringer, Jason (Professor)
900 Dandenong Road, Caulfield East, 3145, Victoria, Australia
900 Dandenong Road
Caulfield East
Victoria
3145
Australia
Topic category
  • Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere

Extent

Description
In Kinglake National Park, Victoria.
N
S
E
W


Temporal extent

Time period
2005-08-25 2013-04-09
Title
Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916
Website
Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916

Related documentation

Maintenance and update frequency
Not planned
GCMD Science Keywords
  • BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • LAND PRODUCTIVITY
  • EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
  • TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
  • ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
  • TURBULENCE
  • WIND SPEED
  • WIND DIRECTION
  • TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES
  • ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
  • PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
  • LONGWAVE RADIATION
  • SHORTWAVE RADIATION
  • INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
  • HEAT FLUX
  • AIR TEMPERATURE
  • PRECIPITATION AMOUNT
  • HUMIDITY
  • SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT
  • SOIL TEMPERATURE
ANZSRC Fields of Research
  • Atmospheric sciences
  • Climate change impacts and adaptation
  • Ecosystem function
  • Environmental management
  • Soil sciences
TERN Platform Vocabulary
  • Wallaby Creek Flux Station
TERN Instrument Vocabulary
  • REBS HFT3 Soil Heat Flux Plate
  • Vaisala HMP45C
  • Campbell Scientific TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe
  • LI-COR LI-7500
  • Kipp&Zonen CNR4
  • HyQuest Solutions CS700
  • Campbell Scientific CS615
  • Campbell Scientific CSAT3
TERN Parameter Vocabulary
  • surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • wind from direction
  • Degree
  • mass concentration of water vapor in air
  • Gram per Cubic Metre
  • surface upwelling shortwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • surface upward sensible heat flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • vertical wind
  • Metre per Second
  • surface upward flux of available energy
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • surface upwelling longwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • relative humidity
  • Percent
  • surface upward latent heat flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • surface net downward radiative flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • downward heat flux at ground level in soil
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • wind speed
  • Metre per Second
  • surface downwelling longwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • water evapotranspiration flux
  • Kilograms per square metre per second
  • surface friction velocity
  • Metre per Second
  • longitudinal component of wind speed
  • Square Metre per Square Second
  • water vapor partial pressure in air
  • Kilopascal
  • surface downwelling shortwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • mole fraction of water vapor in air
  • Millimole per Mole
  • soil temperature
  • Degree Celsius
  • thickness of rainfall amount
  • Millimetre
  • Monin-Obukhov length
  • Metre
  • net ecosystem exchange
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • magnitude of surface downward stress
  • Kilograms per metre per square second
  • ecosystem respiration
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • air temperature
  • Degree Celsius
  • surface air pressure
  • Kilopascal
  • lateral component of wind speed
  • Metre per Second
  • net ecosystem productivity
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • gross primary productivity
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • water vapor saturation deficit in air
  • Kilopascal
  • specific humidity saturation deficit in air
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • volume fraction of condensed water in soil
  • Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
  • mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air
  • Micromole per Mole
  • specific humidity
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
QUDT Units of Measure
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Degree
  • Gram per Cubic Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Metre per Second
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Percent
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Metre per Second
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Kilograms per square metre per second
  • Metre per Second
  • Square Metre per Square Second
  • Kilopascal
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Millimole per Mole
  • Degree Celsius
  • Millimetre
  • Metre
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Kilograms per metre per square second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Degree Celsius
  • Kilopascal
  • Metre per Second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Kilopascal
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
  • Micromole per Mole
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges
  • Point Resolution
GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges
  • 1 minute - < 1 hour
Keywords (Discipline)
  • Eddy Covariance
  • AU-Wac
  • IUCN Category II
  • wet sclerophyll forest

Resource constraints

Use limitation
The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
File name
88x31.png
File description
CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
File type
png
Linkage
https://w3id.org/tern/static/cc-by/88x31.png

Title
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
Alternate title
CC-BY
Edition
4.0
Website
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Access constraints
License
Use constraints
Other restrictions
Other constraints
TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br /><br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.<br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting
Other constraints
Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.

Resource constraints

Classification
Unclassified
Environment description
<br>File naming convention</br> <br>The NetCDF files follow the naming convention below:</br> <br>SiteName_ProcessingLevel_FromDate_ToDate_Type.nc<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>SiteName: short name of the site</li> <li>ProcessingLevel: file processing level (L3, L4, L5, L6) </li> <li>FromDate: temporal interval (start), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>ToDate: temporal interval (end), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>Type (Level 6 only): Summary, Monthly, Daily, Cumulative, Annual</li></ul> For the NetCDF files at Level 6 (L6), there are several additional 'aggregated' files. For example: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Summary: This file is a summary of the L6 data for daily, monthly, annual and cumulative data. The files Monthly to Annual below are combined together in one file.</li> <li>Monthly: This file shows L6 monthly averages of the respective variables, e.g. AH, Fc, NEE, <em>etc.</em></li> <li>Daily: same as Monthly but with daily averages.</li> <li>Cumulative: File showing cumulative values for ecosystem respiration, evapo-transpiration, gross primary productivity, net ecosystem exchange and production as well as precipitation.</li> <li>Annual: same as Monthly but with annual averages.</li></ul>

Distribution Information

Distribution format

Distributor

Distributor

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia
Indooroopilly
Queensland
4068
Australia
OnLine resource
NetCDF files (2023_v1)

OnLine resource
ro-crate-metadata.json

Data quality info

Hierarchy level
Dataset
Other
<br>Processing levels</br> <br>Under each of the data release directories, the netcdf files are organised by processing levels (L3, L4, L5 and L6):<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>L3 (Level 3) processing applies a range of quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC) to the L1 data. The variable names are mapped to the standard variable names (CF 1.8) as part of this step. The L3 netCDF file is then the starting point for all further processing stages.</li> <li>L4 (Level 4) processing fills gaps in the radiation, meteorological and soil quantities utilising AWS (automated weather station), ACCESS-G (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator) and ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate).</li> <li>L5 (Level 5) processing fills gaps in the flux data employing the artificial neural network SOLO (self-organising linear output map).</li> <li>L6 (Level 6) processing partitions the gap-filled NEE into GPP and ER.</li></ul> Each processing level has two sub-folders ‘default’ and ‘site_pi’:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>default: contains files processed using PyFluxPro</li> <li>site_pi: contains files processed by the principal investigators of the site.</li></ul> If the data quality is poor, the data is filled from alternative sources. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. Quality control checks include: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>range checks for plausible limits</li> <li>spike detection</li> <li>dependency on other variables</li> <li>manual rejection of date ranges</li></ul> Specific checks applied to the sonic and IRGA data include rejection of points based on the sonic and IRGA diagnostic values and on either automatic gain control (AGC) or CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O signal strength, depending upon the configuration of the IRGA.</br> <br>Wallaby Creek Flux Tower was established in 2005, and stopped measuring in 2013. The processed data release is currently ongoing, biannually.</br>
Title
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
Website
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Abstract
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

Resource lineage

Statement
All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al. (2017).
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Title
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
Website
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Method documentation

Title
PyFluxPro
Website
https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki

Method documentation

Reference System Information

Reference system identifier
EPSG/EPSG:4326

Reference system type
Geodetic Geographic 2D

Metadata

Metadata identifier
urn:uuid/bd57ba8e-dc87-4a28-9454-b87efb6f8f10

Title
TERN GeoNetwork UUID

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Point of contact

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
+61 7 3365 9097
Title
Wallaby Creek Flux Data Collection

Identifier

Code
596d22f4-e43c-4af0-850e-0be6e26a1d03
Codespace
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/
Description
Parent Metadata Record

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset
Metadata linkage
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/bd57ba8e-dc87-4a28-9454-b87efb6f8f10

Point-of-truth metadata URL

Date info (Creation)
2022-03-17T00:00:00.000000+00:00
Date info (Revision)
2025-12-10T09:59:26.159360+00:00

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
Edition
1

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
Edition
1.0

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
Edition
1.0
Title
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
Date (published)
2021
Edition
1.0

Identifier

Code
10.5281/zenodo.5652221
Website
https://github.com/ternaustralia/TERN-ISO19115/releases/tag/v1.0

 
 

Overviews

Spatial extent

N
S
E
W


Keywords

ANZSRC Fields of Research
Atmospheric sciences Climate change impacts and adaptation Ecosystem function Environmental management Soil sciences
GCMD Science Keywords
AIR TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES EVAPOTRANSPIRATION HEAT FLUX HUMIDITY INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION LAND PRODUCTIVITY LONGWAVE RADIATION PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION PRECIPITATION AMOUNT SHORTWAVE RADIATION SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT SOIL TEMPERATURE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES TURBULENCE WIND DIRECTION WIND SPEED

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Associated resources

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