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Maps of clay minerals - kaolinite, illite and smectite in Australian soils

Clay minerals are the most reactive inorganic components of soils. They help to determine soil properties and largely govern their behaviors and functions. Clay minerals also play important roles in biogeochemical cycling and interact with the environment to affect geomorphic processes such as weathering, erosion and deposition. This data provides new spatially explicit clay mineralogy information for Australia that will help to improve our understanding of soils and their role in the functioning of landscapes and ecosystems. I measured the abundances of kaolinite, illite and smectite in Australian soils using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Using a model-tree algorithm, I built rule-based models for each mineral at two depths (0-20 cm, 60-80 cm) as a function of predictors that represent the soil-forming factors (climate, parent material, relief, vegetation and time), their processes and the scales at which they vary. The results show that climate, parent material and soil type exert the largest influence on the abundance and spatial distribution of the clay minerals; relief and vegetation have more local effects. I digitally mapped each mineral on a 3 arc-second grid. The maps show the relative abundances and distributions of kaolinite, illite and smectite in Australian soils. Kaolinite occurs in a range of climates but dominates in deeply weathered soils, in soils of higher landscapes and in regions with more rain. Illite is present in varied landscapes and may be representative of colder, more arid climates, but may also be present in warmer and wetter soil environments. Smectite is often an authigenic mineral, formed from the weathering of basalt, but it also occurs on sediments and calcareous substrates. It occurs predominantly in drier climates and in landscapes with low relief. These new clay mineral maps fill a significant gap in the availability of soil mineralogical information. They provide data to for example, assist with research into soil fertility and food production, carbon sequestration, land degradation, dust and climate modeling and paleoclimatic change.


Attributes:

Units of measurement:

1. Abundance of kaolin (0 - 1) for the 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm depths;

2. Abundance of illite (0 - 1) for the 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm depths;

3. Abundance of smectite (0 - 1) for the 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm depths;

4. Ternary RGB image of mineral composition for the 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm depths.


For details please see Viscarra Rossel (2011).


Data Type: Float Grid.

Kaolinite, illite, smectite composite maps in GEOTIFF format.


Map projections: Geographic.


Datum: GDA94


Map units: Decimal degrees.


Resolution: 0.00083333333 degrees.


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Simple

Identification info

Date (Creation)
2015-08-28
Date (Publication)
2015-08-28
Date (Revision)
2015-08-28
Edition
v1

Publisher

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
Kensington
Western Australia
6151
Australia

Author

Curtin University - Viscarra Rossel, Raphael A.
Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
Bentley
Western Australia
6102
Australia

Identifier

Title
DataCite
Code
10.4225/08/55DFFCA4715D8
Codespace
http://dx.doi.org
Keywords (Discipline)
  • TERN_Soils
  • TERN_Soils_DSM
  • clay minerals
  • digital soil mapping
  • near infrared
  • predictive spatial modelling
ANZSRC Fields of Research
  • Pedology and pedometrics
  • Soil sciences not elsewhere classified

Extent

N
S
E
W


Resource constraints

Use limitation
The Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International (CC BY 3.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/
File name
88x31.png
File description
CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
File type
png
Linkage
https://w3id.org/tern/static/cc-by/88x31.png

Title
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International Licence
Alternate title
CC-BY
Edition
3.0
Website
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Access constraints
License
Use constraints
Other restrictions
Other constraints
Data is accessible online and may be reused in accordance with licence conditions

Resource constraints

Classification
Unclassified
Credit
All Rights (including copyright) CSIRO Australia 2014.
Title
Viscarra Rossel, R. A. (2011), Fine-resolution multiscale mapping of clay minerals in Australian soils measured with near infrared spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 116, F04023, doi:10.1029/2011JF001977.
Website
Viscarra Rossel, R. A. (2011), Fine-resolution multiscale mapping of clay minerals in Australian soils measured with near infrared spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 116, F04023, doi:10.1029/2011JF001977.

Viscarra Rossel, R. A. (2011), Fine-resolution multiscale mapping of clay minerals in Australian soils measured with near infrared spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 116, F04023, doi:10.1029/2011JF001977.

Title
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia collections
Website
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia collections

Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia collections

Title
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia Digital Soil Property Maps
Website
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia Digital Soil Property Maps

Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia Digital Soil Property Maps

Distribution Information

Distributor

Distributor

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
Kensington
Western Australia
6151
Australia
Distribution format
OnLine resource
http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/23000?index=1

Reference System Information

Reference system identifier
EPSG/EPSG:4326

Reference system type
Geodetic Geographic 2D

Metadata

Metadata identifier
urn:uuid/a2bb446e-dc34-510c-8632-af7c1b609457

Title
TERN GeoNetwork UUID - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Point of contact

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
+61 7 3365 9097

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset
Metadata linkage
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/a2bb446e-dc34-510c-8632-af7c1b609457

Point of truth URL of this metadata record

Date info (Creation)
2016-04-11T14:23:03.829+10:00

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
Edition
1

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
Edition
1.0

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
Edition
1.0
Title
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
Date (published)
2021
Edition
1.0

Identifier

Code
10.5281/zenodo.5652221
Website
https://github.com/ternaustralia/TERN-ISO19115/releases/tag/v1.0

 
 

Overviews

Spatial extent

N
S
E
W


Keywords

ANZSRC Fields of Research
Pedology and pedometrics Soil sciences not elsewhere classified

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