Maps of clay minerals - kaolinite, illite and smectite in Australian soils
Clay minerals are the most reactive inorganic components of soils. They help to determine soil properties and largely govern their behaviors and functions. Clay minerals also play important roles in biogeochemical cycling and interact with the environment to affect geomorphic processes such as weathering, erosion and deposition. This data provides new spatially explicit clay mineralogy information for Australia that will help to improve our understanding of soils and their role in the functioning of landscapes and ecosystems. I measured the abundances of kaolinite, illite and smectite in Australian soils using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Using a model-tree algorithm, I built rule-based models for each mineral at two depths (0-20 cm, 60-80 cm) as a function of predictors that represent the soil-forming factors (climate, parent material, relief, vegetation and time), their processes and the scales at which they vary. The results show that climate, parent material and soil type exert the largest influence on the abundance and spatial distribution of the clay minerals; relief and vegetation have more local effects. I digitally mapped each mineral on a 3 arc-second grid. The maps show the relative abundances and distributions of kaolinite, illite and smectite in Australian soils. Kaolinite occurs in a range of climates but dominates in deeply weathered soils, in soils of higher landscapes and in regions with more rain. Illite is present in varied landscapes and may be representative of colder, more arid climates, but may also be present in warmer and wetter soil environments. Smectite is often an authigenic mineral, formed from the weathering of basalt, but it also occurs on sediments and calcareous substrates. It occurs predominantly in drier climates and in landscapes with low relief. These new clay mineral maps fill a significant gap in the availability of soil mineralogical information. They provide data to for example, assist with research into soil fertility and food production, carbon sequestration, land degradation, dust and climate modeling and paleoclimatic change.
Attributes:
Units of measurement:
1. Abundance of kaolin (0 - 1) for the 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm depths;
2. Abundance of illite (0 - 1) for the 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm depths;
3. Abundance of smectite (0 - 1) for the 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm depths;
4. Ternary RGB image of mineral composition for the 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm depths.
For details please see Viscarra Rossel (2011).
Data Type: Float Grid.
Kaolinite, illite, smectite composite maps in GEOTIFF format.
Map projections: Geographic.
Datum: GDA94
Map units: Decimal degrees.
Resolution: 0.00083333333 degrees.
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Identification info
- Date (Creation)
- 2015-08-28
- Date (Publication)
- 2015-08-28
- Date (Revision)
- 2015-08-28
- Edition
- v1
Publisher
Author
Identifier
- Keywords (Discipline)
-
- TERN_Soils
- TERN_Soils_DSM
- clay minerals
- digital soil mapping
- near infrared
- predictive spatial modelling
- ANZSRC Fields of Research
Extent
Resource constraints
- Use limitation
- The Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International (CC BY 3.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/
- File name
- 88x31.png
- File description
- CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
- File type
- png
- Title
- Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International Licence
- Alternate title
- CC-BY
- Edition
- 3.0
- Access constraints
- License
- Use constraints
- Other restrictions
- Other constraints
- Data is accessible online and may be reused in accordance with licence conditions
Resource constraints
- Classification
- Unclassified
- Credit
- All Rights (including copyright) CSIRO Australia 2014.
- Title
- Viscarra Rossel, R. A. (2011), Fine-resolution multiscale mapping of clay minerals in Australian soils measured with near infrared spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 116, F04023, doi:10.1029/2011JF001977.
- Website
-
Viscarra Rossel, R. A. (2011), Fine-resolution multiscale mapping of clay minerals in Australian soils measured with near infrared spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 116, F04023, doi:10.1029/2011JF001977.
Viscarra Rossel, R. A. (2011), Fine-resolution multiscale mapping of clay minerals in Australian soils measured with near infrared spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 116, F04023, doi:10.1029/2011JF001977.
- Title
- Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia collections
- Website
-
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia collections
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia collections
- Title
- Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia Digital Soil Property Maps
- Website
-
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia Digital Soil Property Maps
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia Digital Soil Property Maps
Distribution Information
Distributor
Distributor
- Distribution format
-
- OnLine resource
- http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/23000?index=1
Reference System Information
- Reference system identifier
- EPSG/EPSG:4326
- Reference system type
- Geodetic Geographic 2D
Metadata
- Metadata identifier
-
urn:uuid/a2bb446e-dc34-510c-8632-af7c1b609457
- Title
- TERN GeoNetwork UUID - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- Language
- English
- Character encoding
- UTF8
Point of contact
Type of resource
- Resource scope
- Dataset
- Metadata linkage
-
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/a2bb446e-dc34-510c-8632-af7c1b609457
Point of truth URL of this metadata record
- Date info (Creation)
- 2016-04-11T14:23:03.829+10:00
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
- Edition
- 1
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
- Title
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
- Date (published)
- 2021
- Edition
- 1.0