Soil and Landscape Grid National Soil Attribute Maps - Bulk Density - Whole Earth - Release 2
This is Version 2 of the Australian Soil Bulk Density - Whole Earth product of the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia.<br></br>
It supersedes the Release 1 product that can be found at <a href=" https://doi.org/10.4225/08/546EE212B0048 "> https://doi.org/10.4225/08/546EE212B0048 </a><br></br>
The map gives a modelled estimate of the spatial distribution of Bulk Density in soils across Australia.<br></br>
<p>The Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia has produced a range of digital soil attribute products. Each product contains six digital soil attribute maps, and their upper and lower confidence limits, representing the soil attribute at six depths: 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-100 cm and 100-200 cm. These depths are consistent with the specifications of the GlobalSoilMap.net project - <a href=" https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/Resources/GlobalSoilMap_specifications_december_2015_2.pdf ">GlobalSoilMaps</a>.
The digital soil attribute maps are in raster format at a resolution of 3 arc sec (~90 x 90 m pixels).<br></br>
Detailed information about the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia can be found at - <a href=" https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/index.html ">SLGA</a><br><br>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"><li>Attribute Definition: Bulk Density of the whole soil (including coarse fragments) in mass per unit volume by a method equivalent to the core method;</li>
<li>Units: g/cm3;</li>
<li>Period (temporal coverage; approximately): 1950-2021;</li>
<li>Spatial resolution: 3 arc seconds (approx 90 m);</li>
<li>Total number of gridded maps for this attribute: 18;</li>
<li>Number of pixels with coverage per layer: 2007M (49200 * 40800);</li>
<li>Data license : Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY);</li>
<li>Target data standard: GlobalSoilMap specifications;</li>
<li>Format: Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF.</li></ul>
Simple
Identification info
- Date (Creation)
- 1950-01-01
- Date (Publication)
- 2023-06-19
- Date (Revision)
- 2025-12-10
- Edition
- 2
Identifier
Publisher
Author
CSIRO Environment - Malone, Brendan ()
Clunies Ross Street, Black Mountain, 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Black Mountain
Australian Capital Territory
2601
Australia
Collaborator
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, 6014, Western Australia, Australia
Floreat
Western Australia
6014
Australia
Collaborator
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia
Indooroopilly
Queensland
4068
Australia
Collaborator
University of Sydney
City Road, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
Camperdown
New South Wales
2050
Australia
Collaborator
Geoscience Australia
101 Jerrabomberra Avenue, Symonston, 2609, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Symonston
Australian Capital Territory
2609
Australia
Collaborator
Department of Land Resource Management (2012-2016), Northern Territory Government
25 Chung Wah Terrace, Palmerston, Northern Territory, 0830, Australia
Palmerston
Northern Territory
0830
Australia
Collaborator
Office of Environment and Heritage (2011-2019), New South Wales
4 Parramatta Square, 12 Darcy Street, Parramatta, 2150, New South Wales, Australia
Parramatta
New South Wales
2150
Australia
Collaborator
Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts (2012-2015), Queensland Government
400 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
Brisbane
Queensland
4000
Australia
Collaborator
Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (2012-2018), South Australian Government
81-95 Waymouth Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
Adelaide
South Australia
5000
Australia
Collaborator
Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmanian Government
59 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
Hobart
Tasmania
7000
Australia
Collaborator
Department of Environment and Primary Industries (2013-2015), Victorian Government
8 Nicholson Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
Melbourne
Victoria
3000
Australia
Collaborator
Department of Agriculture and Food (2006-2017), Western Australian Government
3 Baron-Hay Court South Perth Western Australia 6151, Australia
South Perth
Western Australia
6151
Australia
- Website
- https://www.tern.org.au/
- Purpose
- The map gives a modelled estimate of the spatial distribution of Bulk Density in soils across Australia.<br> The aim is to operate an open national capability that provides access to verified, science-quality land surface dynamics data and soils information layers, plus high-end data analytics tools that integrated with other TERN observations can meet the needs of ecosystem researchers and actionable information for policy makers and natural resource managers.<br>
- Credit
- We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.
- Credit
- <p></p>This work was jointly funded by CSIRO, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) and the Australian Government through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS).<br> We are grateful to the custodians of the soil site data in each state and territory for providing access to the soil site data, and all of the organisations listed as collaborating agencies for their significant contributions to the project and its outcomes.<br>
- Status
- Completed
Point of contact
CSIRO Environment - Malone, Brendan ()
Clunies Ross Street, Black Mountain, 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Clunies Ross Street
Black Mountain
Australian Capital Territory
2601
Australia
- Topic category
-
- Environment
- Geoscientific information
Extent
N
S
E
W
))
Temporal extent
- Time period
- 1950-01-01 2023-06-01
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Not planned
- GCMD Science Keywords
- ANZSRC Fields of Research
- TERN Parameter Vocabulary
- QUDT Units of Measure
- GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges
- GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges
- Keywords (Discipline)
-
- TERN_Soils
- TERN_Soils_DSM
- Soil
- TERN
- Raster
- Attribute
- Bulk Density
- Continental
- DSM
- Global Soil Map
- Spatial modelling
- 3-dimensional soil mapping
- Spatial uncertainty
- Soil Maps
- Digital Soil Mapping
- SLGA
Resource constraints
- Use limitation
- The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- File name
- 88x31.png
- File description
- CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
- File type
- png
- Title
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
- Alternate title
- CC-BY
- Edition
- 4.0
- Access constraints
- License
- Use constraints
- Other restrictions
- Other constraints
- TERN services are provided on an "as-is" and "as available" basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN. <br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting
- Other constraints
- Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.
Resource constraints
- Classification
- Unclassified
Distribution Information
- Distribution format
-
Distributor
Distributor
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia
Indooroopilly
Queensland
4068
Australia
- OnLine resource
- Cloud Optimised GeoTIFFs - Bulk Density, Release 2
- OnLine resource
- Landscape Data Visualiser - Bulk Density, Release 2
- OnLine resource
-
BDW_v2
SLGA Bulk Density - v2
- OnLine resource
-
BDW_v2
SLGA Bulk Density - v2
- OnLine resource
- ro-crate-metadata.json
Distribution Information
- Distribution format
-
Distributor
Distributor
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, 6014, Western Australia, Australia
Floreat
Western Australia
6014
Australia
- OnLine resource
- File Naming Conventions
Resource lineage
- Statement
- An attempt was made to update digital soil mapping of whole soil bulk density for Australia. This was an update of first attempt by Viscarra Rossel et al. (2014). Based on model evaluations using a dataset not included in any modelling, the updated version (2nd Version) represents a demonstrable improvement on the 1st version.<br></br> Since the first version, more measured site data has been made available and retrievable via the Australian SoilDataFederator. In 2014 there were 3776 sites with measured whole soil bulk density. For the new update, 6116 sites had measured data. Because of usually strong empirical relationships between bulk density, soil texture and soil carbon, the use of pedotransfer functions (to predict bulk density from soil texture and soil carbon) was performed with the intention of increasing data density and spatial coverage of data that would ultimately improve digital soil mapping prediction skill. This added a further 15735 sites after building a spatial pedotransfer function using a dataset of 12308 cases (3939 sites with bulk density, soil carbon and soil texture data).<br></br> The basic steps of the work entailed:<br><br> <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"><li>Use soil data federator to get pertinent soils observation data.</li> <li>Develop spatial pedotransfer function prediction whole soil bulk density using soil carbon and texture data.</li> <li>Compile measured and inferred whole soil bulk density data (86306 cases), then setting aside a dataset of 7500 cases for external model evaluation.</li> <li>Predictive models using random forest algorithm with 78806 data cases fitted. To account for uncertainties in pedotransfer function inferred data, Monte Carlo simulations were performed from the pedotransfer function model. Simulation was repeated 100 times.</li> <li>Predictive model uncertainties quantified using UNEEC approach (Uncertainty Estimation based on local errors and Clustering).</li> <li>Quantification of model extension limits derived using hybrid method involving multivariate convex hull analysis and count of observations.</li> <li>Digital soil maps with quantified uncertainties (5th and 95th prediction interval limits) and assessment of model extrapolation risk were produced at 90 m resolution for the following depths: 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-100 cm, 100-200 cm.</li><br> All processing for the generation of these products was undertaken using the R programming language (R Core Team, 2020).<br> <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"><li>Code - https://github.com/AusSoilsDSM/SLGA</li> <li>Observation data - https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SoilDataFederator/SoilDataFederator.html</li> <li>Covariate rasters - https://esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Pages/SLGA/GetData-COGSDataStore.html</li>
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Title
- Malone, B. P., Minansy, B., & Brungard, C. (2019). Some methods to improve the utility of conditioned Latin hypercube sampling. PeerJ, 7, e6451. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6451
- Website
-
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6451
Method documentation
- Title
- Methods Summary for modelling of Whole Soil Bulk Density
- Website
-
https://aussoilsdsm.esoil.io/slga-version-2-products/whole-soil-bulk-density
Method documentation
- Title
- R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
- Website
-
https://www.r-project.org/
Method documentation
- Title
- Searle, R., Malone, B., Wilford, J., Austin, J., Ware, C., Webb, M., Roman Dobarco, M., Van Niel, T., (2022). TERN Digital Soil Mapping Raster Covariate Stacks. v2. CSIRO. Data Collection. https://doi.org/10.25919/jr32-yq58
- Website
-
https://doi.org/10.25919/jr32-yq58
Method documentation
- Title
- van den Hoogen, J., Robmann, N., Routh, D., Lauber, T., van Tiel, N., Danylo, O., & Crowther, T.W., (2021). A geospatial mapping pipeline for ecologists. bioRxiv 2021.07.07.451145
- Website
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.07.451145
Method documentation
- Title
- Viscarra Rossel, R., Chen, C., Grundy, M., Searle, R., Clifford, D., Odgers, N., Holmes, K., Griffin, T., Liddicoat, C., & Kidd, D.,(2014). Soil and Landscape Grid National Soil Attribute Maps - Bulk Density - Whole Earth (3" resolution) - Release 1. v6. CSIRO. Data Collection. https://doi.org/10.4225/08/546EE212B0048
- Website
-
https://doi.org/10.4225/08/546EE212B0048
Method documentation
Reference System Information
- Reference system identifier
- EPSG/EPSG:4326
- Reference system type
- Geodetic Geographic 2D
Metadata
- Metadata identifier
-
urn:uuid/95978aec-6ba8-446b-a721-2b875d9f61a8
- Title
- TERN GeoNetwork UUID
- Language
- English
- Character encoding
- UTF8
Point of contact
Type of resource
- Resource scope
- Dataset
- Metadata linkage
-
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/95978aec-6ba8-446b-a721-2b875d9f61a8
Point-of-truth metadata URL
- Date info (Creation)
- 2024-07-18T00:00:00.000000+00:00
- Date info (Revision)
- 2025-12-10T10:08:59.827920+00:00
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
- Edition
- 1
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
- Title
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
- Date (published)
- 2021
- Edition
- 1.0
Identifier
Overviews
Spatial extent
N
S
E
W
Provided by
Associated resources
Not available