Otway Flux Data Release 2024_v1
<br>This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.17) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).</br> <br>
The Otway flux station was located at Narrinda South in south west Victoria, Australia.The pasture was grazed by dairy cattle with average grass height of 0.1 m. Annual average rainfall at the site was around 800 mm and was only moderately seasonal. Mean daily temperature ranged from 25 °C in February to 12 °C in July. The flux station was situated on a 10 m tower. Fluxes of heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide were measured using the open-path eddy covariance technique. Supplementary measurements included temperature, humidity, rainfall, total solar, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and net radiation. Soil temperature and heat flux were also measured. The Otway flux station was established in February 2007 on private land at Nirranda South and managed by CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research staff as part of the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies.<br /> <br><br>
Simple
Identification info
- Date (Creation)
- 2024-03-13
- Date (Publication)
- 2024-04-18
- Date (Revision)
- 2025-12-10
- Edition
- 2024_v1
Identifier
Publisher
Author
CSIRO Land and Water (2014-2022) - Kitchen, Mark (Technical Contact)
147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, 6014, Western Australia, Australia
Floreat
Western Australia
6014
Australia
- Website
- https://www.tern.org.au/
- Purpose
- The purpose of the Otway flux station was to: <ulul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>measure exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy between the soil and the atmosphere using micrometeorological techniques</li> <li>participate in the atmospheric monitoring strategy, which was developed by CO2CRC researchers in CSIRO, and is based on the effects of hypothetical storage leaks (point and diffuse) simulated by atmospheric dispersion models, over several distance scales at the Otway site</li> </ul> The Otway Project included injection and geological storage of up to 100,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide together with the most extensive monitoring and verification program yet undertaken at a geosequestration site.
- Credit
- We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.
- Credit
- <br>The Otway flux station managed by CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research staff as part of the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies.<br>The Otway flux station is supported by CO2CRC. Equipment was provided by CO2CRC.
- Status
- Completed
Point of contact
CSIRO Land and Water (2014-2022) - Kitchen, Mark (Technical Contact)
147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, 6014, Western Australia, Australia
147 Underwood Avenue
Floreat
Western Australia
6014
Australia
- Topic category
-
- Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere
Extent
- Description
- Nirranda South, Victoria, Australia.
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S
E
W
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Temporal extent
- Time period
- 2007-08-11 2011-01-01
- Title
- Etheridge, D. et al. 2011. Atmospheric monitoring of the CO2CRC Otway Project for large scale CO2 storage projects. Energy Procedia, 4(2011) 3666-3675. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.298
- Website
-
Etheridge, D. et al. 2011. Atmospheric monitoring of the CO2CRC Otway Project for large scale CO2 storage projects. Energy Procedia, 4(2011) 3666-3675. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.298
Related documentation
- Title
- Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Biannually
- GCMD Science Keywords
-
- BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
- LAND PRODUCTIVITY
- EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
- TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
- ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
- TURBULENCE
- WIND SPEED
- WIND DIRECTION
- TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES
- ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
- PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
- LONGWAVE RADIATION
- SHORTWAVE RADIATION
- INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
- HEAT FLUX
- AIR TEMPERATURE
- PRECIPITATION AMOUNT
- HUMIDITY
- SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT
- SOIL TEMPERATURE
- ANZSRC Fields of Research
- TERN Platform Vocabulary
- TERN Instrument Vocabulary
- TERN Parameter Vocabulary
-
- surface upwelling shortwave flux in air
- Watt per Square Metre
- mass concentration of water vapor in air
- Gram per Cubic Metre
- surface upward sensible heat flux
- Watt per Square Metre
- mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air
- Micromole per Mole
- air temperature
- Degree Celsius
- surface downwelling longwave flux in air
- Watt per Square Metre
- Monin-Obukhov length
- Metre
- wind from direction
- Degree
- enhanced vegetation index
- Unitless
- ecosystem respiration
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- surface upwelling longwave flux in air
- Watt per Square Metre
- surface friction velocity
- Metre per Second
- surface upward latent heat flux
- Watt per Square Metre
- surface air pressure
- Kilopascal
- water vapor saturation deficit in air
- Kilopascal
- gross primary productivity
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- net ecosystem exchange
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- soil temperature
- Degree Celsius
- specific humidity saturation deficit in air
- Kilogram per Kilogram
- surface upward flux of available energy
- Watt per Square Metre
- net ecosystem productivity
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- downward heat flux at ground level in soil
- Watt per Square Metre
- relative humidity
- Percent
- surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- water vapor partial pressure in air
- Kilopascal
- wind speed
- Metre per Second
- specific humidity
- Kilogram per Kilogram
- thickness of rainfall amount
- Millimetre
- water evapotranspiration flux
- Kilograms per square metre per second
- surface downwelling shortwave flux in air
- Watt per Square Metre
- volume fraction of condensed water in soil
- Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
- surface net downward radiative flux
- Watt per Square Metre
- mole fraction of water vapor in air
- Millimole per Mole
- QUDT Units of Measure
-
- Watt per Square Metre
- Gram per Cubic Metre
- Watt per Square Metre
- Micromole per Mole
- Degree Celsius
- Watt per Square Metre
- Metre
- Degree
- Unitless
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- Watt per Square Metre
- Metre per Second
- Watt per Square Metre
- Kilopascal
- Kilopascal
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- Degree Celsius
- Kilogram per Kilogram
- Watt per Square Metre
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- Watt per Square Metre
- Percent
- Micromole per Square Metre Second
- Kilopascal
- Metre per Second
- Kilogram per Kilogram
- Millimetre
- Kilograms per square metre per second
- Watt per Square Metre
- Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
- Watt per Square Metre
- Millimole per Mole
- GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges
- GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges
- Keywords (Discipline)
-
- CO2CRC Otway Project
- AU-Otw
Resource constraints
- Use limitation
- The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- File name
- 88x31.png
- File description
- CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
- File type
- png
- Title
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
- Alternate title
- CC-BY
- Edition
- 4.0
- Access constraints
- License
- Use constraints
- Other restrictions
- Other constraints
- TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br /><br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.<br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting
- Other constraints
- Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.
Resource constraints
- Classification
- Unclassified
- Environment description
- <br>File naming convention</br> <br>The NetCDF files follow the naming convention below:</br> <br>SiteName_ProcessingLevel_FromDate_ToDate_Type.nc<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>SiteName: short name of the site</li> <li>ProcessingLevel: file processing level (L3, L4, L5, L6) </li> <li>FromDate: temporal interval (start), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>ToDate: temporal interval (end), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>Type (Level 6 only): Summary, Monthly, Daily, Cumulative, Annual</li></ul> For the NetCDF files at Level 6 (L6), there are several additional 'aggregated' files. For example: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Summary: This file is a summary of the L6 data for daily, monthly, annual and cumulative data. The files Monthly to Annual below are combined together in one file.</li> <li>Monthly: This file shows L6 monthly averages of the respective variables, e.g. AH, Fc, NEE, <em>etc.</em></li> <li>Daily: same as Monthly but with daily averages.</li> <li>Cumulative: File showing cumulative values for ecosystem respiration, evapo-transpiration, gross primary product, net ecosystem exchange and production as well as precipitation.</li> <li>Annual: same as Monthly but with annual averages.</li></ul>
Distribution Information
- Distribution format
-
Distributor
Distributor
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia
Indooroopilly
Queensland
4068
Australia
- OnLine resource
- NetCDF files (2024_v1)
- OnLine resource
- ro-crate-metadata.json
Data quality info
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Other
- <br>Processing levels</br> <br>Under each of the data release directories, the netcdf files are organised by processing levels (L3, L4, L5 and L6):<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>L3 (Level 3) processing applies a range of quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC) to the L1 data. The variable names are mapped to the standard variable names (CF 1.8) as part of this step. The L3 netCDF file is then the starting point for all further processing stages.</li> <li>L4 (Level 4) processing fills gaps in the radiation, meteorological and soil quantities utilising AWS (automated weather station), ACCESS-G (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator) and ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate).</li> <li>L5 (Level 5) processing fills gaps in the flux data employing the artificial neural network SOLO (self-organising linear output map).</li> <li>L6 (Level 6) processing partitions the gap-filled NEE into GPP and ER.</li></ul> Each processing level has two sub-folders ‘default’ and ‘site_pi’:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>default: contains files processed using PyFluxPro</li> <li>site_pi: contains files processed by the principal investigators of the site.</li></ul> If the data quality is poor, the data is filled from alternative sources. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. Quality control checks include: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>range checks for plausible limits</li> <li>spike detection</li> <li>dependency on other variables</li> <li>manual rejection of date ranges</li></ul> Specific checks applied to the sonic and IRGA data include rejection of points based on the sonic and IRGA diagnostic values and on either automatic gain control (AGC) or CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O signal strength, depending upon the configuration of the IRGA.</br> <br>Otway Flux Tower was established in 2007, and stopped measuring in early 2011. The processed data release is currently ongoing, biannually.</br> <br></br>
- Title
- Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
- Abstract
- Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
Resource lineage
- Statement
- All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al. (2017).
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Title
- Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
- Website
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017
Method documentation
- Title
- PyFluxPro
- Website
-
https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki
Method documentation
Reference System Information
- Reference system identifier
- EPSG/EPSG:4326
- Reference system type
- Geodetic Geographic 2D
Metadata
- Metadata identifier
-
urn:uuid/90e985e4-e108-4800-bb3d-de95f578bd96
- Title
- TERN GeoNetwork UUID
- Language
- English
- Character encoding
- UTF8
Point of contact
- Title
- Otway Flux Data Collection
Identifier
- Codespace
- https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/
- Description
- Parent Metadata Record
Type of resource
- Resource scope
- Dataset
- Metadata linkage
-
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/90e985e4-e108-4800-bb3d-de95f578bd96
Point-of-truth metadata URL
- Date info (Creation)
- 2022-03-17T00:00:00.000000+00:00
- Date info (Revision)
- 2025-12-10T10:17:32.580966+00:00
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
- Edition
- 1
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
- Title
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
- Date (published)
- 2021
- Edition
- 1.0
Identifier
Overviews
Spatial extent
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Provided by
Associated resources
Not available