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Otway Flux Data Release 2024_v1

<br>This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.17) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).</br> <br>

The Otway flux station was located at Narrinda South in south west Victoria, Australia.The pasture was grazed by dairy cattle with average grass height of 0.1&nbsp;m. Annual average rainfall at the site was around 800&nbsp;mm and was only moderately seasonal. Mean daily temperature ranged from 25&nbsp;°C in February to 12&nbsp;°C in July. The flux station was situated on a 10&nbsp;m tower. Fluxes of heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide were measured using the open-path eddy covariance technique. Supplementary measurements included temperature, humidity, rainfall, total solar, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and net radiation. Soil temperature and heat flux were also measured. The Otway flux station was established in February 2007 on private land at Nirranda South and managed by CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research staff as part of the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies.<br /> <br><br>

Simple

Identification info

Date (Creation)
2024-03-13
Date (Publication)
2024-04-18
Date (Revision)
2025-12-10
Edition
2024_v1

Identifier

Title
DataCite
Code
doi:10.25901/e0d6-pr56
Codespace
http://dx.doi.org

Publisher

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
+61 7 3365 9097

Author

CSIRO Land and Water (2014-2022) - Kitchen, Mark (Technical Contact)
147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, 6014, Western Australia, Australia
Floreat
Western Australia
6014
Australia
Website
https://www.tern.org.au/

Purpose
The purpose of the Otway flux station was to: <ulul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>measure exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy between the soil and the atmosphere using micrometeorological techniques</li> <li>participate in the atmospheric monitoring strategy, which was developed by CO2CRC researchers in CSIRO, and is based on the effects of hypothetical storage leaks (point and diffuse) simulated by atmospheric dispersion models, over several distance scales at the Otway site</li> </ul> The Otway Project included injection and geological storage of up to 100,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide together with the most extensive monitoring and verification program yet undertaken at a geosequestration site.
Credit
We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.
Credit
<br>The Otway flux station managed by CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research staff as part of the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies.<br>The Otway flux station is supported by CO2CRC. Equipment was provided by CO2CRC.
Status
Completed

Point of contact

CSIRO Land and Water (2014-2022) - Kitchen, Mark (Technical Contact)
147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, 6014, Western Australia, Australia
147 Underwood Avenue
Floreat
Western Australia
6014
Australia
Topic category
  • Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere

Extent

Description
Nirranda South, Victoria, Australia.
N
S
E
W


Temporal extent

Time period
2007-08-11 2011-01-01
Title
Etheridge, D. et al. 2011. Atmospheric monitoring of the CO2CRC Otway Project for large scale CO2 storage projects. Energy Procedia, 4(2011) 3666-3675. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.298
Website
Etheridge, D. et al. 2011. Atmospheric monitoring of the CO2CRC Otway Project for large scale CO2 storage projects. Energy Procedia, 4(2011) 3666-3675. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.298

Related documentation

Title
Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916
Website
Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916

Related documentation

Maintenance and update frequency
Biannually
GCMD Science Keywords
  • BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • LAND PRODUCTIVITY
  • EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
  • TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
  • ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
  • TURBULENCE
  • WIND SPEED
  • WIND DIRECTION
  • TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES
  • ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
  • PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
  • LONGWAVE RADIATION
  • SHORTWAVE RADIATION
  • INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
  • HEAT FLUX
  • AIR TEMPERATURE
  • PRECIPITATION AMOUNT
  • HUMIDITY
  • SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT
  • SOIL TEMPERATURE
ANZSRC Fields of Research
  • Atmospheric sciences
  • Climate change impacts and adaptation
  • Ecosystem function
  • Environmental management
  • Soil sciences
TERN Platform Vocabulary
  • Otway Flux Station
TERN Instrument Vocabulary
  • Gill WindMaster HS
  • Kipp&Zonen CNR1
  • HyQuest Solutions TB3
  • Campbell Scientific CS616
  • Vaisala HMP45C
  • Campbell Scientific TCAV Averaging Soil Thermocouple Probe
  • Gill Windsonic4
  • Campbell Scientific CSAT3
  • LI-COR LI-7500
TERN Parameter Vocabulary
  • surface upwelling shortwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • mass concentration of water vapor in air
  • Gram per Cubic Metre
  • surface upward sensible heat flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air
  • Micromole per Mole
  • air temperature
  • Degree Celsius
  • surface downwelling longwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Monin-Obukhov length
  • Metre
  • wind from direction
  • Degree
  • enhanced vegetation index
  • Unitless
  • ecosystem respiration
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • surface upwelling longwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • surface friction velocity
  • Metre per Second
  • surface upward latent heat flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • surface air pressure
  • Kilopascal
  • water vapor saturation deficit in air
  • Kilopascal
  • gross primary productivity
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • net ecosystem exchange
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • soil temperature
  • Degree Celsius
  • specific humidity saturation deficit in air
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • surface upward flux of available energy
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • net ecosystem productivity
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • downward heat flux at ground level in soil
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • relative humidity
  • Percent
  • surface upward mole flux of carbon dioxide
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • water vapor partial pressure in air
  • Kilopascal
  • wind speed
  • Metre per Second
  • specific humidity
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • thickness of rainfall amount
  • Millimetre
  • water evapotranspiration flux
  • Kilograms per square metre per second
  • surface downwelling shortwave flux in air
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • volume fraction of condensed water in soil
  • Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
  • surface net downward radiative flux
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • mole fraction of water vapor in air
  • Millimole per Mole
QUDT Units of Measure
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Gram per Cubic Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Micromole per Mole
  • Degree Celsius
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Metre
  • Degree
  • Unitless
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Metre per Second
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Kilopascal
  • Kilopascal
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Degree Celsius
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Percent
  • Micromole per Square Metre Second
  • Kilopascal
  • Metre per Second
  • Kilogram per Kilogram
  • Millimetre
  • Kilograms per square metre per second
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Cubic Metre per Cubic Metre
  • Watt per Square Metre
  • Millimole per Mole
GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges
  • Point Resolution
GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges
  • Hourly - < Daily
Keywords (Discipline)
  • CO2CRC Otway Project
  • AU-Otw

Resource constraints

Use limitation
The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
File name
88x31.png
File description
CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
File type
png
Linkage
https://w3id.org/tern/static/cc-by/88x31.png

Title
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
Alternate title
CC-BY
Edition
4.0
Website
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Access constraints
License
Use constraints
Other restrictions
Other constraints
TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br /><br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.<br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting
Other constraints
Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.

Resource constraints

Classification
Unclassified
Environment description
<br>File naming convention</br> <br>The NetCDF files follow the naming convention below:</br> <br>SiteName_ProcessingLevel_FromDate_ToDate_Type.nc<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>SiteName: short name of the site</li> <li>ProcessingLevel: file processing level (L3, L4, L5, L6) </li> <li>FromDate: temporal interval (start), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>ToDate: temporal interval (end), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>Type (Level 6 only): Summary, Monthly, Daily, Cumulative, Annual</li></ul> For the NetCDF files at Level 6 (L6), there are several additional 'aggregated' files. For example: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Summary: This file is a summary of the L6 data for daily, monthly, annual and cumulative data. The files Monthly to Annual below are combined together in one file.</li> <li>Monthly: This file shows L6 monthly averages of the respective variables, e.g. AH, Fc, NEE, <em>etc.</em></li> <li>Daily: same as Monthly but with daily averages.</li> <li>Cumulative: File showing cumulative values for ecosystem respiration, evapo-transpiration, gross primary product, net ecosystem exchange and production as well as precipitation.</li> <li>Annual: same as Monthly but with annual averages.</li></ul>

Distribution Information

Distribution format

Distributor

Distributor

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia
Indooroopilly
Queensland
4068
Australia
OnLine resource
NetCDF files (2024_v1)

OnLine resource
ro-crate-metadata.json

Data quality info

Hierarchy level
Dataset
Other
<br>Processing levels</br> <br>Under each of the data release directories, the netcdf files are organised by processing levels (L3, L4, L5 and L6):<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>L3 (Level 3) processing applies a range of quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC) to the L1 data. The variable names are mapped to the standard variable names (CF 1.8) as part of this step. The L3 netCDF file is then the starting point for all further processing stages.</li> <li>L4 (Level 4) processing fills gaps in the radiation, meteorological and soil quantities utilising AWS (automated weather station), ACCESS-G (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator) and ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate).</li> <li>L5 (Level 5) processing fills gaps in the flux data employing the artificial neural network SOLO (self-organising linear output map).</li> <li>L6 (Level 6) processing partitions the gap-filled NEE into GPP and ER.</li></ul> Each processing level has two sub-folders ‘default’ and ‘site_pi’:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>default: contains files processed using PyFluxPro</li> <li>site_pi: contains files processed by the principal investigators of the site.</li></ul> If the data quality is poor, the data is filled from alternative sources. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. Quality control checks include: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>range checks for plausible limits</li> <li>spike detection</li> <li>dependency on other variables</li> <li>manual rejection of date ranges</li></ul> Specific checks applied to the sonic and IRGA data include rejection of points based on the sonic and IRGA diagnostic values and on either automatic gain control (AGC) or CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O signal strength, depending upon the configuration of the IRGA.</br> <br>Otway Flux Tower was established in 2007, and stopped measuring in early 2011. The processed data release is currently ongoing, biannually.</br> <br></br>
Title
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
Website
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Abstract
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

Resource lineage

Statement
All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al. (2017).
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Title
Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928
Website
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Method documentation

Title
PyFluxPro
Website
https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki

Method documentation

Reference System Information

Reference system identifier
EPSG/EPSG:4326

Reference system type
Geodetic Geographic 2D

Metadata

Metadata identifier
urn:uuid/90e985e4-e108-4800-bb3d-de95f578bd96

Title
TERN GeoNetwork UUID

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Point of contact

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
+61 7 3365 9097
Title
Otway Flux Data Collection

Identifier

Code
031eaac5-602d-44e2-848c-c20e21f120fa
Codespace
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/
Description
Parent Metadata Record

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset
Metadata linkage
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/90e985e4-e108-4800-bb3d-de95f578bd96

Point-of-truth metadata URL

Date info (Creation)
2022-03-17T00:00:00.000000+00:00
Date info (Revision)
2025-12-10T10:17:32.580966+00:00

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
Edition
1

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
Edition
1.0

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
Edition
1.0
Title
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
Date (published)
2021
Edition
1.0

Identifier

Code
10.5281/zenodo.5652221
Website
https://github.com/ternaustralia/TERN-ISO19115/releases/tag/v1.0

 
 

Overviews

Spatial extent

N
S
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Keywords

ANZSRC Fields of Research
Atmospheric sciences Climate change impacts and adaptation Ecosystem function Environmental management Soil sciences
GCMD Science Keywords
AIR TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES EVAPOTRANSPIRATION HEAT FLUX HUMIDITY INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION LAND PRODUCTIVITY LONGWAVE RADIATION PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION PRECIPITATION AMOUNT SHORTWAVE RADIATION SOIL MOISTURE/WATER CONTENT SOIL TEMPERATURE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES TURBULENCE WIND DIRECTION WIND SPEED

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Associated resources

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