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Maps of iron oxides and the color of Australian soil

Iron (Fe) oxide mineralogy in most Australian soils is poorly characterized, even though Fe oxides play an important role in soil function. Fe oxides reflect the conditions of pH, redox potential, moisture, and temperature in the soil environment. The strong pigmenting effect of Fe oxides gives most soils their color, which is largely a reflection of the soil’s Fe mineralogy. Visible-near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy can be used to identify and measure the abundance of certain Fe oxides in soil, and the visible range can be used to derive tristimuli soil color information. We measured the spectra of 4606 surface soil samples from across Australia using a vis-NIR spectrometer with a wavelength range of 350-2500 nm. We determined the Fe oxide abundance for each sample using the diagnostic absorption features of hematite (near 880 nm) and goethite (near 920 nm) and derived a normalized iron oxide difference index (NIODI) to better discriminate between them. The NIODI was generalized across Australia with its spatial uncertainty using sequential indicator simulation, which resulted in a map of the probability of the occurrence of hematite and goethite. We also derived soil RGB color from the spectra and mapped its distribution and uncertainty across the country using sequential Gaussian simulations. The simulated RGB color values were made into a composite true color image and were also converted to Munsell hue, value, and chroma. These color maps were compared to the map of the NIODI, and both were used to interpret our results. The maps were validated by randomly splitting the data into training and test data sets, as well as by comparing our results to existing studies on the distribution of Fe oxides in Australian soils.

Attributes:

Units of measurement:

1. Munsell Hue;

2. Munsell Chroma;

3. Munsell value;

4. NIODI;

5. NIODI uncertainty.

For details please see Viscarra Rossel et al. (2010).


Data Type: Float Grid.


Map projection: Lambert Conformal Conic.


Datum: GDA94.


Map units: Decimal degrees.


Resolution: 10,000 metres.


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Identification info

Date (Creation)
2015-08-28
Date (Publication)
2015-08-28
Date (Revision)
2015-08-28
Edition
v1

Publisher

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
Kensington
Western Australia
6151
Australia

Author

Curtin University - Viscarra Rossel, Raphael A.
Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
Bentley
Western Australia
6102
Australia

Author

CSIRO Agriculture and Food - McKenzie, Neil (Soil Scientist)
Clunies Ross Street, Black Mountain, 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Black Mountain
Australian Capital Territory
2601
Australia

Author

CSIRO Land and Water (2014-2022) - Bui, Elisabeth (Researcher)
Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, 7004, Tasmania, Australia
Battery Point
Tasmania
7004
Australia

Author

Geoscience Australia - de Caritat, Patrice (Senior Principal Research Scientist)
101 Jerrabomberra Avenue, Symonston, 2609, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Symonston
Australian Capital Territory
2609
Australia

Identifier

Title
DataCite
Code
10.4225/08/55DFFC6C56916
Codespace
http://dx.doi.org
Keywords (Discipline)
  • TERN_Soils
  • TERN_Soils_DSM
  • hematite
  • goethite
  • soil color
  • soil colour
  • visible-near-infrared reflectance
  • soil mapping
  • geostatistical simulations
ANZSRC Fields of Research
  • Pedology and pedometrics
  • Soil sciences not elsewhere classified

Extent

N
S
E
W


Resource constraints

Use limitation
CSIRO Data Licence
Title
CSIRO Data Licence
Alternate title
CSIRO
Website
https://research.csiro.au/dap/licences/csiro-data-licence/

Access constraints
License
Use constraints
Other restrictions
Other constraints
Data is accessible online and may be reused in accordance with licence conditions

Resource constraints

Classification
Unclassified
Credit
All Rights (including copyright) CSIRO Australia 2014.
Title
Viscarra Rossel, R. A., E. N. Bui, P. de Caritat, and N. J. McKenzie (2010), Mapping iron oxides and the color of Australian soil using visible-near-infrared reflectance spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F04031, doi:10.1029/2009JF001645.
Website
Viscarra Rossel, R. A., E. N. Bui, P. de Caritat, and N. J. McKenzie (2010), Mapping iron oxides and the color of Australian soil using visible-near-infrared reflectance spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F04031, doi:10.1029/2009JF001645.

Viscarra Rossel, R. A., E. N. Bui, P. de Caritat, and N. J. McKenzie (2010), Mapping iron oxides and the color of Australian soil using visible-near-infrared reflectance spectra, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F04031, doi:10.1029/2009JF001645.

Title
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia collections
Website
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia collections

Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia collections

Title
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia Digital Soil Property Maps
Website
Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia Digital Soil Property Maps

Browse all Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia Digital Soil Property Maps

Distribution Information

Distributor

Distributor

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
Kensington
Western Australia
6151
Australia
Distribution format
OnLine resource
http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/22999?index=1

Reference System Information

Reference system identifier
EPSG/EPSG:4326

Reference system type
Geodetic Geographic 2D

Metadata

Metadata identifier
urn:uuid/86743bad-72e0-5030-a351-4be4830155e3

Title
TERN GeoNetwork UUID - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Point of contact

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
+61 7 3365 9097

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset
Metadata linkage
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/86743bad-72e0-5030-a351-4be4830155e3

Point of truth URL of this metadata record

Date info (Creation)
2016-04-11T14:23:03.926+10:00

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
Edition
1

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
Edition
1.0

Metadata standard

Title
ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
Edition
1.0
Title
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
Date (published)
2021
Edition
1.0

Identifier

Code
10.5281/zenodo.5652221
Website
https://github.com/ternaustralia/TERN-ISO19115/releases/tag/v1.0

 
 

Overviews

Spatial extent

N
S
E
W


Keywords

ANZSRC Fields of Research
Pedology and pedometrics Soil sciences not elsewhere classified

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