<br>The aim of this project is to compile land use and management practices and their observed and measured impacts and effects on vegetation condition. The results provide land managers and researchers with a tool for reporting and monitoring spatial and temporal transformations of Australia’s native vegetated landscapes due to changes in land use and management practices. Following are the details about Big Scrub, Tintenbar site.

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Pre-European benchmark-analogue vegetation: The site was originally lowland subtropical rainforest on basalt-derived and alluvial soils below 250&nbsp;m asl and further than 2&nbsp;km from the coast.

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Brief chronology of changes in land use and management:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">

<li>1788: Indigenous land management - Goori people</li>

<li>1823-25: Explorers Oxley followed by Rous traversed the area</li>

<li>1842: Cedar getters ‘moved in’</li>

<li>1870: Portion or survey plan prepared for the Tintenbar property</li>

<li>1880: Camphor was planted as a shade tree in Lismore 1880s along streets</li>

<li>1885: Brush had been largely selected and slightly cleared</li>

<li>1900: Clearing done with brush hooks. Small trees were cut down with an axe and large trees were cut down using a cross-cut saw. Brush and fallen timber was burnt</li>

<li>1900: Basalt rock removed from paddocks and placed around borders as field stone fencing, Paddock cleared of floaters so it could be ploughed</li>

<li>1901: Aggressive pasture grasses established. Initially this was <em>Paspalum</em></li>

<li>1901-1978: Dairying and pasture improvement - mainly Kikuyu and fertiliser added</li>

<li>1968: Observed incursions of camphor in creeks and gullies but not removed or controlled</li>

<li>1979: Changed from dairying to beef cattle production</li>

<li>1980-87: Cattle removed - destocked</li>

<li>1981-87: Observed incursions of weeds into the former dairy pasture including lantana, barna or elephant (<em>Pennisetum purpureum</em>) grass and tobacco bush and some camphor but not removed or controlled</li>

<li>1988: Commenced agisting cattle</li>

<li>1990-93: Agisted horses and cattle</li>

<li>1993: Ceased agisting cattle and horses</li>

<li>1994-2011: Dense stands of camphor left unchecked.</li></ul></br>