Seasonal seed dispersal of Callitris verrucosa
The data set contains distance measures of primary (wind-borne) and secondary (on ground) seed dispersal during spring, summer and autumn, using empirical observations and detailed measurement of wind characteristics. Seeds were collected from populations of <i>Callitris verrucosa</i> within the reserve and was placed parallel to, and 100 m from the burn edge within the burnt site. For the empirical observation of seed dispersal we chose six release locations, three locations in each of the two sites, about 6 km apart that had both recently undergone a planned burn, one in spring 2009 and the other in autumn 2011. Within those two sites the three release locations were positioned 800 m apart from each other along a transect that was placed parallel to, and 100 m from the burn edge within the burnt site. To assess primary (wind-borne) seed dispersal, 20 randomly chosen seeds were released from each of three different heights (1 m, 2 m and 3 m) at each of the six sites, giving a total of 360 seeds released per season. Seeds were only released within a horizontal wind speed range of 8 - 25 km/h. At lower wind speeds seeds would not take-off and at higher wind speeds seeds could not be relocated. This data set could be reused in a similar study carried out for the same species in a different location. <br> To understand the effect of standing vegetation on the secondary (on-ground) seed dispersal, we established groups of 10 seeds on the ground within 10 m of each of the six previous release locations. Seed were left for 4 days before relocated and distances to the starting point were measured. This was repeated during all 3 seasons. Out of the 180 seeds released,161 (89%) seeds could be relocated. <br> Wind measurements were taken on a sand dune crest in the site that was burned during autumn 2011 using an ultrasonic anemometer (Model WindMaster (Part 1590-PK-020), Gill Instruments Ltd, Lymington, UK). Measurements continued for two weeks in spring, summer and autumn. The anemometer measured horizontal wind speed, horizontal wind direction, and vertical wind speed every 0.1 s, producing a dynamic, three dimensional wind speed vector. Measurements were taken at 2 m height.
The data can be used for studies dealing with wind movements in mallee during Spring, Summer and Autumn as well as comparative seed dispersal studies using the same or other wind dispersed plant species.
Simple
Identification info
- Date (Creation)
- 2012-04-25
- Date (Publication)
- 2017-01-31
- Date (Revision)
- 2024-04-30
- Edition
- 1
Identifier
Publisher
Author
University of Adelaide - Dunker, Bianca ()
Waite Road, Waite, South Australia, 5064, Australia
Waite
South Australia
5064
Australia
- Website
- https://www.tern.org.au/
- Purpose
- Fire management in the form of prescribed burning often causes a shift in fire season from hot and dry summer conditions to cooler, moister conditions in spring or autumn. The effects of this change on plant species which rely on efficient seed dispersal by wind after fire are unknown. Variations in wind conditions during the different seasons and changes in the amount of standing vegetation after the burn, resulting from variation in fire intensity in different seasons, may alter dispersal conditions following fire. We studied seed dispersal in different seasons for a serotinous obligate-seeder, <i>Callitris verrucosa</i>, growing in a semi-arid environment in South Australia. We measured primary (wind-borne) and secondary (on ground) seed dispersal during spring, summer and autumn, using empirical observations and modelling to investigate the effect of season on the dispersal distance of seeds. <br> Fire is and has been a common occurrence in many vegetation types across the world, impacting on the structure and function of those fire-prone ecosystems. Human influence and a changing climate are causing changes in fire regimes, particularly intervals between fires and the seasonal timing of fires. The frequencies of fires are increasing and fire seasons are tending to shift from hot and dry seasons (natural fires) to cooler and wetter seasons (prescribed burns). Clearing for farmland or urban settlements, in which fire-prone vegetation occurs demands new knowledge to understand the interactions between fire regimes and biodiversity. The study examined the effects of fire on two plant species, <i>Triodia irritans</i>, and <i>Callitris verrucosa</i>. Both species are important features of mallee vegetation and have primarily wind mediated seed dispersal but show different life history traits. The study was carried- out at Hincks Wilderness Protection Area on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, aiming to assess seed dispersal and population genetic variation under different fire regimes, with a view to making inferences about their resilience to changing fire regimes.
- Credit
- We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.
- Credit
- The Australian Research Council (ARC), SA Native Vegetation Council, Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR) (check what they call themselves these days), NSW Office of Environment and Heritage and the Nature Foundation of SA provided financial support.
- Status
- Completed
Point of contact
University of Adelaide - Dunker, Bianca ()
Waite Road, Waite, South Australia, 5064, Australia
Waite Road
Waite
South Australia
5064
Australia
- Topic category
-
- Biota
Extent
- Description
- The study was conducted in Hincks Wilderness Protection Area (33°45' S, 136°03' E)- a 67,000 ha reserve on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. The seed dispersal using daylight visual tracking was conducted at six release locations, with three locations positioned 800m apart in two different sites that were about 6 km apart. Wind measurements using an ultrasonic anemometer were taken in one location that was also used for seed dispersal data set using daylight visual tracking. IBRA region: Eyre
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Temporal extent
- Time period
- 2011-10-23 2012-04-25
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Not planned
- GCMD Science Keywords
- ANZSRC Fields of Research
- TERN Parameter Vocabulary
- QUDT Units of Measure
- GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges
- GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges
- Australian Plant Name Index
- Keywords (Discipline)
-
- Fire Regimes
- Habitat Fragmentation
- Ecological Modelling
- Ecosystem Assessment And Management (9605)
- Remnant Vegetation And Protected Conservation Areas (9613)
- <i>Callitris verrucosa</i> R.Br. ex Mirb.
- <i>Triodia irritans</i> R.Br.
Resource constraints
- Use limitation
- The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- File name
- 88x31.png
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- CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
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- png
- Title
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
- Alternate title
- CC-BY
- Edition
- 4.0
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- Other restrictions
- Other constraints
- TERN services are provided on an "as-is" and "as available" basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN. <br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting
- Other constraints
- Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.
- Other constraints
- (C)2017 Flinders University. Rights owned by Flinders University.
Resource constraints
- Classification
- Unclassified
Distribution Information
Distribution Information
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- Distribution format
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- NetCDF
- OnLine resource
- Edata_publicationsSeed_desiplersalData_Seed_Release-Callitris
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- NetCDF
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- NetCDF
- OnLine resource
- Edata_publicationsSeed_desiplersalDataSeed_weight_C-verrucosa
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- NetCDF
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- Edata_publicationsSeed_desiplersalDataSeed_release_C_nighttime
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Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia, 4068
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
- Distribution format
-
- OnLine resource
- ro-crate-metadata.json
Resource lineage
- Statement
- 1) Empirical observation of seed dispersal: Seed release experiments were conducted in October (spring) 2011, January/February (summer) 2012 and April (autumn) 2012. At each release location and in each season, 20 randomly chosen seeds (collected from plants within the park) were released from each of three different heights (1 m, 2 m and 3 m) giving a total of 360 seeds released per season. The seeds were given a dot of fluorescent coloured dye to make relocation easier. In the field trials, the 20 seeds were released at each height individually during daylight by placing them on a small platform on a mast, and allowing them to be carried away by the wind. The different heights represented the natural height of cones. The released seeds were followed by eye and the linear distance from the release point to where the seed first landed was measured to the nearest cm using a tape measure. We also measured wind speed (Model Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter, Nielsen-Kellerman, USA) at the release platform, at the moment of take-off for each seed. Seed release experiments across all locations and sites were conducted over 1-2 days within a season, with release of the 20 seeds for each height taking 60 240 min depending on the wind conditions. <br> 2) Empirical observation of on-ground seed dispersal: Groups of 10 seeds where placed in one spot on the ground which was within 10 m of each of the six "empirical observation of seed dispersal" locations. The seeds were treated with fluorescent coloured dye. After four days a UV light was used to search for the seeds at night, and to record the distance moved since release. This was repeated at each location in spring, summer, and autumn. To quantify the potential obstruction to movement from standing vegetation, the percentage of vegetation cover up to 1 m height within a 5 m radius around each release point was estimated. <br> 3) 3D wind measurement: An ultrasonic anemometer (Model WindMaster (Part 1590-PK-020), Gill Instruments Ltd, Lymington, UK) measured horizontal wind speed, horizontal wind direction, and vertical wind speed every 0.1 s, producing a dynamic, three dimensional wind speed vector. Wind measurements were taken on a sand dune crest close to one release location in a site that was burned during autumn 2011. Measurements continued for two weeks in each season (spring, summer and autumn) including the time during which seed release experiments were conducted. The anemometer measured wind at a height of 2 m. The measured values were used to simulate the course of the wind vector in PAPPUS, a program that uses a trajectory model to simulate seed dispersal by wind. For this purpose the wind data was converted using the following formulas in Excel: TURB_Z (wind speed in vertical direction in [cm/s]) =#w-axis value*100 DIR (horizontal wind direction in [°]) =ATAN2(#u-axis value,#v-axis value)*180/PI()+180 Speed (horizontal wind speed in [cm/s]) =SQRT(#v-axis value ^2+#u-axis value^2)*100 TURB_T = can be ignored
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
Reference System Information
- Reference system identifier
- EPSG/EPSG:3577
- Reference system type
- Geodetic Geographic 2D
Metadata
- Metadata identifier
-
urn:uuid/4dff8108-e92f-4e83-b5c8-9b29e7842f0e
- Title
- TERN GeoNetwork UUID
- Language
- English
- Character encoding
- UTF8
Point of contact
Type of resource
- Resource scope
- Dataset
- Metadata linkage
-
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/4dff8108-e92f-4e83-b5c8-9b29e7842f0e
Point-of-truth metadata URL
- Date info (Creation)
- 2022-10-17T00:00:00
- Date info (Revision)
- 2024-04-30T00:00:00
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
- Edition
- 1
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
- Title
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
- Date (published)
- 2021
- Edition
- 1.0
Identifier
Overviews
Spatial extent
N
S
E
W
Provided by
Associated resources
Not available