Christmas Island Flying-fox (Pteropus melanotis natalis) Monitoring
Data is provided from three survey types: nocturnal drive-by monitoring; ground counts; and exit counts. The nocturnal drive-by monitoring dataset provides information on species presence/absence at 124 sites across Christmas Island. The ground count dataset provides information on numbers of bats observed roosting in trees at known camp sites; while the exit count dataset records counts of bats exiting from the respective camp sites.
Simple
Identification info
- Date (Creation)
- 2014-08-08
- Date (Publication)
- 2022-03-13
- Date (Revision)
- 2024-05-12
- Edition
- 1.0
Identifier
Publisher
Author
Christmas Island National Park - Flakus, Samantha (Natural Resource Manager)
Parks Australia, Christmas Island, 6798, Western Australia, Australia
Christmas Island
Western Australia
6798
Australia
- Website
- https://www.tern.org.au/
- Purpose
- The Australian territory of Christmas Island lies in the Indian Ocean, 2,600 km northwest of Perth and 500 km south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta. Christmas Island National Park is 85 km2 in size and makes up almost two thirds of Christmas Island. The Christmas Island Flying-fox (Pteropus melanotus natalis) is the only known endemic mammal species on the Island and is listed as Critically Endangered under the EPBC Act. Flying-foxes are likely to be important pollinators of Christmas Island flora and play a key role in the functioning of the forest ecosystem. A monitoring program has been running since 2004 to observe population trends and to assess: spatial variation across the island; temporal variation at roost sites; and the relative abundance of the population over time.
- Credit
- We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.
- Status
- Completed
Point of contact
Christmas Island National Park - Flakus, Samantha (Natural Resource Manager)
Parks Australia, Christmas Island, 6798, Western Australia, Australia
Parks Australia
Christmas Island
Western Australia
6798
Australia
- Topic category
-
- Biota
Extent
- Description
- IBRA region: Indian Tropical Islands; The Nocturnal drive-by monitoring occurs across the extent of Christmas Island, typically along roads and tracks. Ground and exit monitoring occurs at known roost sites, including Hosnies S
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Temporal extent
- Time period
- 2004-11-02 2014-07-15
- Title
- An Island-Wide Monitoring Program Demonstrates Decline in Reporting Rate for the Christmas Island Flying-Fox Pteropus melanotus natalis.
- Website
-
An Island-Wide Monitoring Program Demonstrates Decline in Reporting Rate for the Christmas Island Flying-Fox Pteropus melanotus natalis.
Related documentation
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Not planned
- GCMD Science Keywords
- ANZSRC Fields of Research
- TERN Parameter Vocabulary
- QUDT Units of Measure
- GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges
- GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges
- Keywords (Discipline)
-
- Long-Term Species Monitoring
- Population Dynamics
- Species Decline
- National Reserve System Threatened Species
- Island
- Pteropus melanotus natalis
- Ninox natalis (Christmas Island Hawk Owl)
- Crytodactylus sadleiri (giant gecko)
- Scolopendra morsitans (giant centipede)
- Lycodon aulicus capucinus (wolf snake)
- Hemidactylus frenatus (barking gecko)
Resource constraints
- Use limitation
- The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- File name
- 88x31.png
- File description
- CCBy Logo from creativecommons.org
- File type
- png
- Title
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
- Alternate title
- CC-BY
- Edition
- 4.0
- Access constraints
- License
- Use constraints
- Other restrictions
- Other constraints
- TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. <br /><br />Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN.<br /><br />Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting.
Resource constraints
- Classification
- Unclassified
Distribution Information
Distributor
Distributor
- Distribution format
-
- NetCDF
Distribution Information
Distributor
Distributor
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia, 4068
Indooroopilly
QLD
4068
Australia
- Distribution format
-
- OnLine resource
- ro-crate-metadata.json
Resource lineage
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
Process step
- Description
- Nocturnal drive-by monitoring survey design: A large set (124) of sites are spaced evenly across the entire extent of Christmas Island, mostly located alongside roads or tracks. Sites are generally spaced between 0.5 and 1km apart with their overall distribution being reasonably representative of the environmental variation across the Island. All sites are sampled at night on four separate occasions over a short sampling period (the mid-dry season of June-July). At each site an observer records whether bats were present or absent (either seen or heard) and the sampling provides an incidence index varying from 0 to 4 (i.e. recorded on each of the four visits) for each site. Nocturnal drive-by surveys were first conducted in 2006, and from 2012 onwards have been conducted once a year.
Process step
- Description
- Nocturnal drive-by monitoring: Sites, mostly located alongside roads or tracks, are visited and observations are made from near the parked vehicle. Survey observations are 10 minutes in duration with the start time of each survey being noted. If a flying-fox is seen or heard, the time from the start of the survey is recorded along with the distance from the observer and the number of flying-foxes present in a group. Any subsequent flying-fox activity within the 10 minute period is recorded in the same way. Additional information regarding the presence and abundance of other species of interest Ninox natalis (Christmas Island Hawk Owl), Crytodactylus sadleiri (giant gecko), Scolopendra morsitans (giant centipede), Lycodon aulicus capucinus (wolf snake), and Hemidactylus frenatus (barking gecko) is also recorded for other studies/monitoring programs.
Process step
- Description
- Sampling design: Repeated Measures Systematic Sampling
Process step
- Description
- Measurements: Raw Observations Raw Observations - Count Data
Process step
- Description
- Measurement Attributes: Incidence Population Size Presence/Absence
Process step
- Description
- Ground & Exit monitoring survey design : An existing set of known roost sites are visited to conduct visual ground counts of individual bats in trees during the day, after which locations above these sites are visited to count bats exiting from the respective roost sites. These counts are unlikely to provide robust overall population estimates but serve to provide minimum population measures. Although total abundance cannot be extrapolated from these counts, patterns in the data can suggest population trends. Ground and exit monitoring was first conducted in 2004, and surveys are undertaken quarterly.
Process step
- Description
- Method Drift Description: The number of sites has varied over the years as some camps are no longer used. Currently there are four active camps: Hosnies Spring, McMicken Point, Ethel Beach and the Golf Course.
Process step
- Description
- Ground and exit monitoring: At the known roost sites, 24 observers undertake ground counts. Using a GPS and map all known (and numbered) roost trees are located, and the number of individual flying foxes in each tree are recorded. If flying foxes are found roosting in new trees, these trees are physically marked using a numbered cattle tag and flagging tape and the coordinates of the location are recorded. For exit monitoring, at least 2 observers visit existing vantage/viewpoints overlooking the ground count roost sites and count individual flying foxes as they leave the roost. Observers alternate every 15 minutes to count, from 3:00pm to 6:15pm, recording an overall exit total. General weather data is also recorded.
Reference System Information
- Reference system identifier
- EPSG/EPSG:4326
- Reference system type
- Geodetic Geographic 2D
Metadata
- Metadata identifier
-
urn:uuid/1a4a44a4-a213-4b98-92b4-88ca22cc958a
- Title
- TERN GeoNetwork UUID
- Language
- English
- Character encoding
- UTF8
Point of contact
Type of resource
- Resource scope
- Dataset
- Metadata linkage
-
https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/1a4a44a4-a213-4b98-92b4-88ca22cc958a
Point-of-truth metadata URL
- Date info (Creation)
- 2014-08-08T00:00:00
- Date info (Revision)
- 2024-05-12T00:00:00
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals
- Edition
- 1
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19115-3:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
- Edition
- 1.0
- Title
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016
- Date (published)
- 2021
- Edition
- 1.0
Identifier
Overviews
Spatial extent
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Provided by
Associated resources
Not available