Loxton Flux Data Release 2023_v1

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.5.0) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER).

The Loxton site was established in August 2008 and decommissioned in June 2009. The orchard was divided into 10 ha blocks (200 m by 500 m with the long axis aligned north–south) and the flux tower was situated at 34.47035 °S and 140.65512 °E near the middle of the northern half of a block of trees. The topography of the site was slightly undulating and the area around the tower had a slope of less than 1.5 °. The orchard was planted in 2000 with an inter-row spacing of 7 m and a within row spacing of 5 m. Tree height in August 2008 was 5.5 m. The study block consists of producers, Nonpareil, planted every other row, and pollinators planted as alternating rows of Carmel, Carmel and Peerless, and Carmel and Price. All varieties were planted on Nemaguard rootstock. All but 31 ha of the surrounding orchard was planted between 1999 and 2002. Nutrients were applied via fertigation. Dosing occurred between September and November and in April with KNO3, Urea, KCl, and NH4NO3 applied at annual rates of 551, 484, 647, and 113 kg/ha, respectively. The growth of ground cover along the tree line was suppressed with herbicides throughout the year. Growth in the mid-row began in late winter and persisted until herbicide application in late November.

The research was supported with funds from the National Action Plan for Salinity via the Centre for Natural Resource Management, and the River Murray Levy.

Identification info

Date (Creation): 2023-03-31

Date (Publication): 2023-05-03

Date (Revision): 2014-07-14

Edition: 2023_v1

Identifier

Title: DataCite

Code: doi:10.25901/nftj-cb70

Codespace: http://dx.doi.org

Publisher

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network

Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd

Indooroopilly

QLD

4068

Australia

+61 7 3365 9097

Author

College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University - Ewenz, Cacilia ()

Physical Sciences Building, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia

Bedford Park

5042

Australia

Co-author

South Australian Research and Development Institute - Stevens, Robert M ()

2b Hartley Grove, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia

Urrbrae

5064

Australia

Co-author

South Australian Research and Development Institute - Grigson, Gary ()

2b Hartley Grove, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia

Urrbrae

5064

Australia

Co-author

Flinders University - Conner, Samantha ()

326 Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia

Bedford Park

5042

Australia

Website: https://www.tern.org.au/

Purpose: The purpose of the Loxton flux station is to: <ul> <li>measure the water use of about 4 ha of mature high-yielding almond trees.</li> <li>collect ancillary measures of orchard canopy size, water, nutrient and salinity status, and climate in the study area.</li> <li>address two of the weaknesses in this approach by calculating monthly flux footprints and deriving ET from fluxes which have been adjusted to close the energy balance.</li> </ul>

Credit: We at TERN acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians throughout Australia, New Zealand and all nations. We honour their profound connections to land, water, biodiversity and culture and pay our respects to their Elders past, present and emerging.

Credit: The research was supported with funds from the National Action Plan for Salinity via the Centre for Natural Resource Management, and the River Murray Levy.

Status: Completed

Point of contact

College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University - Ewenz, Cacilia ()

Physical Sciences Building, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia

Physical Sciences Building

Bedford Park

5042

Australia

Topic category

Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere

Extent

Description: Riverland, South Australia.

Temporal extent

Time period: 2008-08-19 2009-06-09

Title: Stevens, R. M., Ewenz, C. M., Grigson, G. and Conner, S. M., 2012. Water use by an irrigated almond orchard, Irrig. Sci., 30(3), 189–200. doi:10.1007/s00271-011-0270-8

Website: Stevens, R. M., Ewenz, C. M., Grigson, G. and Conner, S. M., 2012. Water use by an irrigated almond orchard, Irrig. Sci., 30(3), 189–200. doi:10.1007/s00271-011-0270-8
Related documentation

Title: Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916

Website: Beringer J., Hutley L. B., McHugh I., Arndt S. K., Campbell D., Cleugh H. A., Cleverly J., Resco de Dios V., Eamus D., Evans B., Ewenz C., Grace P., Griebel A., Haverd V., Hinko-Najera N., Huete A., Isaac P., Kanniah K., Leuning R., Liddell M. J., Macfarlane C., Meyer W., Moore C., Pendall E., Phillips A., Phillips R. L., Prober S. M., Restrepo-Coupe N., Rutledge S., Schroder I., Silberstein R., Southall P., Yee M. S., Tapper N. J., van Gorsel E., Vote C., Walker J. and Wardlaw T. (2016). An introduction to the Australian and New Zealand flux tower network - OzFlux, Biogeosciences, 13: 5895-5916
Related documentation

Maintenance and update frequency: Not planned

GCMD Science Keywords

ANZSRC Fields of Research

TERN Platform Vocabulary

Loxton Flux Station

TERN Instrument Vocabulary

TERN Parameter Vocabulary

GCMD Horizontal Resolution Ranges

Point Resolution

GCMD Temporal Resolution Ranges

1 minute - < 1 hour

Keywords (Discipline)

AU-Lox
deciduous broadleaf forests

Resource constraints

Use limitation: The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license allows others to copy, distribute, display, and create derivative works provided that they credit the original source and any other nominated parties. Details are provided at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Linkage: https://w3id.org/tern/static/cc-by/88x31.png

Title: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence

Alternate title: CC-BY

Edition: 4.0

Website: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Access constraints: License

Use constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: TERN services are provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Users use any TERN services at their discretion and risk. They will be solely responsible for any damage or loss whatsoever that results from such use including use of any data obtained through TERN and any analysis performed using the TERN infrastructure. Web links to and from external, third party websites should not be construed as implying any relationships with and/or endorsement of the external site or its content by TERN. Please advise any work or publications that use this data via the online form at https://www.tern.org.au/research-publications/#reporting

Other constraints: Please cite this dataset as {Author} ({PublicationYear}). {Title}. {Version, as appropriate}. Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network. Dataset. {Identifier}.

Resource constraints

Classification: Unclassified

Environment description: File naming convention The NetCDF files follow the naming convention below: SiteName_ProcessingLevel_FromDate_ToDate_Type.nc<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>SiteName: short name of the site</li> <li>ProcessingLevel: file processing level (L3, L4, L5, L6) </li> <li>FromDate: temporal interval (start), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>ToDate: temporal interval (end), YYYYMMDD</li> <li>Type (Level 6 only): Summary, Monthly, Daily, Cumulative, Annual</li></ul> For the NetCDF files at Level 6 (L6), there are several additional 'aggregated' files. For example: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>Summary: This file is a summary of the L6 data for daily, monthly, annual and cumulative data. The files Monthly to Annual below are combined together in one file.</li> <li>Monthly: This file shows L6 monthly averages of the respective variables, e.g. AH, Fc, NEE, etc.</li> <li>Daily: same as Monthly but with daily averages.</li> <li>Cumulative: File showing cumulative values for ecosystem respiration, evapo-transpiration, gross primary product, net ecosystem exchange and production as well as precipitation.</li> <li>Annual: same as Monthly but with annual averages.</li></ul>

Distribution Information

Distributor

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network

Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia, 4068

Indooroopilly

QLD

4068

Australia

OnLine resource: NetCDF files (2023_v1)

Data quality info

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Other: Processing levels Under each of the data release directories, the netcdf files are organised by processing levels (L3, L4, L5 and L6):<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>L3 (Level 3) processing applies a range of quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC) to the L1 data. The variable names are mapped to the standard variable names (CF 1.8) as part of this step. The L3 netCDF file is then the starting point for all further processing stages.</li> <li>L4 (Level 4) processing fills gaps in the radiation, meteorological and soil quantities utilising AWS (automated weather station), ACCESS-G (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator) and ERA5 (the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate).</li> <li>L5 (Level 5) processing fills gaps in the flux data employing the artificial neural network SOLO (self-organising linear output map).</li> <li>L6 (Level 6) processing partitions the gap-filled NEE into GPP and ER.</li></ul> Each processing level has two sub-folders ‘default’ and ‘site_pi’:<ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>default: contains files processed using PyFluxPro</li> <li>site_pi: contains files processed by the principal investigators of the site.</li></ul> If the data quality is poor, the data is filled from alternative sources. Filled data can be identified by the Quality Controls flags in the dataset. Quality control checks include: <ul style="list-style-type: disc;"> <li>range checks for plausible limits</li> <li>spike detection</li> <li>dependency on other variables</li> <li>manual rejection of date ranges</li></ul> Specific checks applied to the sonic and IRGA data include rejection of points based on the sonic and IRGA diagnostic values and on either automatic gain control (AGC) or CO2 and H2O signal strength, depending upon the configuration of the IRGA. Loxton Flux Tower was established in 2008, and stopped measuring in 2009. The processed data release is currently ongoing, biannually.“

Title: Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

Website: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017

Abstract: Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

Resource lineage

Statement: All flux raw data is subject to the quality control process OzFlux QA/QC to generate data from L1 to L6. Levels 3 to 6 are available for re-use. Datasets contain Quality Controls flags which will indicate when data quality is poor and has been filled from alternative sources. For more details, refer to Isaac et al. (2017).

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Title: Isaac P., Cleverly J., McHugh I., van Gorsel E., Ewenz C. and Beringer, J. (2017). OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation, Biogeosciences, 14: 2903-2928

Website: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2903-2017
Method documentation

Title: PyFluxPro

Website: https://github.com/OzFlux/PyFluxPro/wiki
Method documentation

Reference System Information

Reference system identifier: EPSG/EPSG:4326

Reference system type: Geodetic Geographic 2D

Metadata

Metadata identifier

urn:uuid/ee0ea06c-e354-453b-8b21-999e1baeeb1c

Title: TERN GeoNetwork UUID

Language: English

Character encoding: UTF8

Point of contact

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network

Building 1019, 80 Meiers Rd

Indooroopilly

QLD

4068

Australia

+61 7 3365 9097

Title: Loxton Flux Data Collection

Identifier

Code: 37c7bfdf-202c-463a-bbe8-a3f9db2e2766

Codespace: https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/

Description: Parent Metadata Record

Type of resource

Resource scope: Dataset

Metadata linkage: https://geonetwork.tern.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/ee0ea06c-e354-453b-8b21-999e1baeeb1c
Point-of-truth metadata URL

Date info (Creation): 2022-03-17T00:00:00

Date info (Revision): 2023-05-03T00:00:00

Metadata standard

Title: ISO 19115-1:2014/AMD 1:2018 Geographic information - Metadata - Fundamentals

Edition: 1

Metadata standard

Title: ISO/TS 19115-3:2016

Edition: 1.0

Metadata standard

Title: ISO/TS 19157-2:2016

Edition: 1.0

Title: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) Metadata Profile of ISO 19115-3:2016 and ISO 19157-2:2016

Date (published): 2021

Edition: 1.0

Identifier

Code: 10.5281/zenodo.5652221

Website: https://github.com/ternaustralia/TERN-ISO19115/releases/tag/v1.0

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